Erbitux (cetuximab)

Multiplex immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that BCL-xL inhibition effectively triggered apoptosis in heterogeneous PDX tumor slice models, including models harboring oncogenic BRAF mutations. Our findings suggest that cetuximab-resistant CRC retains apoptotic competence, and that BCL-xL inhibition serves as a robust alternative therapeutic strategy that is largely independent of the tumor mutational profile.

P=N/A, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital

P4, N=59, Recruiting, Shanghai East Hospital; Shanghai East Hospital

P2, N=45, Recruiting, Shanxi Hospital of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanxi Hospital of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

P2, N=90, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine; The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine

P2, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital

P2, N=63, Not yet recruiting, Tianjin Cancer Hospital; Tianjin Cancer Hospital

Evaluation of ctDNA in resected stage III CC using a tissue-free assay provided robust and independent prognostic value. Higher ctDNA burden, dMMR, and specific mutations defined poor prognostic groups among ctDNA-positive patients.

Encorafenib, cetuximab, and binimetinib are targeted therapies developed for metastatic colorectal cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation. The case highlights the potential use of BRAF V600E targeted therapy in BRAF V600E-mutated duodenal cancer and the importance of molecular profiling in rare cancers. Further research is needed on the effect and safety of targeted therapy for small bowel adenocarcinoma.

Additionally, it discusses emerging therapeutic strategies to enhance NK cell activation, such as pharmacological agents (e.g., γ-PGA, α-GalCer), innate immune agonists (e.g., STING, RIG-I), genetic engineering (e.g., CAR-NK, iPSC-NK cells), and combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab)...Despite challenges like immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and limited NK cell persistence, advancements in genetic engineering and nanoparticle delivery systems offer promising solutions. Future research should focus on integrating mechanistic insights with clinical trial design to optimize NK cell-based therapies for HPV-associated malignancies.

Monotherapy with KRAS G12C inhibitors demonstrated an objective response rate of 23%, while combination therapies with agents such as cetuximab and panitumumab showed a higher response rate of 43%. High heterogeneity across studies suggests variability due to small sample sizes and early-phase trial designs. While preliminary data are promising, further large-scale phase III trials are essential to establish these inhibitors as a standard treatment for KRAS G12C-mutant CRC.

P=N/A, N=47, Active, not recruiting, Peking University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> May 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> May 2026