PIK3CA E542K

Characterization of the two different approaches in terms of sensitivity results in comparable detection limits (229 copies μL-1 and 224 copies μL-1, respectively), though RPA followed by lambda exonuclease digestion yields significantly higher currents. Finally, this method, together with a designed wild-type blocking oligo that inhibits binding of the wild-type target DNA during probe-target hybridization, allows for detecting the PIK3CA point mutations H1047R, E545K, and E542K in the presence of wild-type target DNA when the proportion of mutant target DNA is >20%.

However, clinical trials have been predominantly carried out with selected populations and single drugs (Palbociclib, Ribociclib or Abemaciclib). At baseline, and considering the pre-defined criteria, ctDNA analysis detected PIK3CA mutations in 32.25% and 44.44% of patients by AVENIO and ddPCR, respectively. ESR1 mutations were detected in 3.22% and 9.37% by AVENIO and ddPCR, respectively. For PIK3CA mutations, the Kappa value was 0.62 (p-value: 0.0004) and 0.47 for ESR1 mutations (p-value: 0.0039).

Background The AKT inhibitor capivasertib was recently approved in the 2L+ setting for patients (pts) with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer with alterations in PIK3CA, AKT1, and/or PTEN...However, one-third of patients have variants beyond E542, E545, and H1047 with less certainty about targetability. The preponderance of rare PIK3CA mutations and co-occurrences between PIK3CA, AKT1, and PTEN with genes outside the PI3K pathway merits functional investigation.

Multi-hit mutations in PIK3CA are seen in 1.7% of advanced CRC, a meaningful prevalence given the high burden of CRC worldwide, and may represent a subset of patients that have enhanced sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. Future investigation regarding the clinical utility of PI3K inhibitors is warranted in multi-hit PIK3CA CRC.

The developed novel multi-marker liquid bead array assay for the simultaneous detection of PIK3CA and ESR1 hotspot mutations in single CTCs is highly specific, highly sensitive, high-throughput, and sample-, cost-, and time-saving. This multi-marker liquid bead array assay can be extended to detect up to 100 mutations in many genes at once and can be applied for bulk CTC and ctDNA analysis.

However, the role of mutated PIK3CA in adenocarcinoma has not been discussed. In addition, mutations occurring in other main members of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway other than PIK3CA were also excluded.

PIK3CD/PIK3R1 (p110 δ/p85 α) is the most, with 65% inhibition, suggesting a possible mechanism of anticancer properties. Furthermore, the NCI 60-cell line inhibition demonstrates promising broad anticancer inhibition against numerous cancer cell lines of OMS5 and OMS14, which could be good lead compounds for future development.

The commercially available Oncolipsy PIK3CA CE-IVD kit is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of four PIK3CA hotspot mutations in primary tumors and plasma-cfDNA.

Bone sarcomas associated with infarcts exhibit genomic instability, with pronounced copy number variations, especially in Chromosome 12. CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion is highly prevalent, whereas TP53 alterations appear less frequent than in osteosarcomas. MDM2 amplification and H3.3-G34 mutations are recurrent (33%).

The results of this study show that this strategy has significant advantages such as high selectivity, a simple process, no special instruments and equipment, no need for fluorescence modification of hairpin probes in advance, high automation, low cost, and minimal sample consumption. This provides a powerful method for the detection of trace cancer biomarkers in the serum matrix with good application prospects.

This research provides a label-free and minute-scale universal method for the detection of various malignant tumors. The ctDNA biosensors based on the ACEK effect improved according to the probe type or electrode structure and have potential applications in tumor drug efficacy prediction, drug resistance monitoring, screening of high-risk groups, differential diagnosis, monitoring of tiny residual lesions, and prognosis determination.

PIK3CA-E542K, ErbB2 amplification, and SMAD4 mutations could be potential biomarkers for PD-1 inhibitors, but a single instance is insufficient to validate the hypotheses. A larger number of patients or more clinical data will be necessary to determine whether these gene mutations are appropriate biomarkers for patients when treatment with PD-1 inhibitors.

P2, N=66, Recruiting, Breast Cancer Trials | N=140 --> 66

These findings strongly encourage further investigation into TCRs targeting driver mutations in MBC, with the aim of advancing neoantigen-targeted TCR-T therapies into clinical trials. Additionally, the PIK3CA_H1047L neoantigen holds great promise as a potential candidate for the development of effective cancer vaccines.

We observed concordance and heterogeneity in the status of actionable mutations between the CSF, peripheral blood, and systemic metastatic tumor tissue. Larger studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of these observations, particularly with the development of several novel targeted agents that are CNS-penetrant.

We developed a comprehensive multiplex mutant detection method with high sensitivity and specificity. This study demonstrates the strong potential of Absolute Q dPCR as a powerful multiplex platform for early mutation detection and monitoring in liquid biopsy samples.

BKPyV tumor positivity in the NMIBC subset with FGFR3- or PIK3CA-mutated tumors was also associated with a higher risk of progression to MIBC (p=0.019). In conclusion, our results support smoking and BKPyV infection as risk factors contributing to bladder tumorigenesis in the general patient population through distinct molecular mechanisms.

We report a case of CCSCC of the oral cavity with PIK3CA and HRAS mutations. The identification of PIK3CA and/or HRAS mutations is rare in SCC; however, both mutations are important potential targets for antitumor therapy. A detailed analysis of gene mutations in CCSCC may lead to a better understanding of its biological behavior and an improved prognosis, as well as a differential diagnosis from other clear cell neoplasms.

Although additional basic researches and clinical trials are necessary, various inhibitors may be effective therapeutics for PIK3CA mutation-positive cSCC. Our study revealed the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in cSCC.

NTRK fusions in NSCLC are rare. This study highlights real world diagnostic challenges regarding NTRK testing, such as requirements of adequate tumor tissue and appropriate testing methodologies.

Methods We studied a unicentre cohort of 262 patients with steroid hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative eBC, who were planed to be treated with endocrine therapy only: aromatase inhibitor (AI, n=183) or Tamoxifen (TAM, n=69), AI and TAM (n=9), Fulvestrant (n=1) and tested the three most common somatic PIK3CA gene mutations (H1047R, E545K, E542K) by qPCR. Conclusions Although we observed a trend that AIs are less effective in patients with PIK3CA mutated tumours, formal validation is still lacking. Further data including prospective studies are required.

However, the MRI acquired four weeks after adding capmatinib showed partial response (PR) of LM.Patients with ALK+ NSCLC switched from alectinib [n=2] or brigatinib [n=1] to lorlatinib following LP. Although we identified the primary driver in 26 out of 28 patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC, only seven CSF samples showed RM (ERBB2, EGFR and PIK3CA). Commonly identified RMs in systemic progression such as EGFR C797X and METamp were not identified in CSF or plasma. Identifying resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy in LM proves difficult.

© 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

In 10% of cases, an increase in the number of copies of the EGFR and KRAS genes was found, and in 10% of cases, a fusion gene (RNA) MET- MET.M13M15, TMPRSS2-ERG.The identified genome changes were processed by the server through the FDA, NCCN, EMA, ESMO registries to search for the most appropriate therapy options that exist in world practice for a specific type and localization of the established mutation.ConclusionConclusion. For personalized prescription of targeted drugs, it is more efficient to use multigene diagnostics for a comprehensive study of the mutational status of a tumor.

PIK3CA is among the most frequently mutated genes in BC (approximately 40% of cases) and its mutations portend sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors, such as alpelisib, in combination with hormonal treatment in HR+/HER2- cases... In our analysis PIK3CA was confirmed to be the most frequently mutated gene (51% of cases); however, due to the specific European regulatory constraints, it was deemed to be actionable in a minority of cases, suggesting that NGS profiling should be performed early on after the diagnosis of metastatic disease, in order to inform the overall therapeutic strategy. Other potentially actionable alterations (FGFR1/2, AKT, HER2 ex 20 mutations) emerged from extended NGS profiling, suggesting its potential utility in selected HR+/HER2- mBC pts.

The NGS panel could successfully detect actionable mutations in liquid biopsies with a high concordance rate and sensitivity. The detection of variants in cfDNA, but not in tDNA, suggests a greater representativeness of the mutational tumor spectrum in samples of liquid biopsies opening perspectives for employing this approach in the routing setting. The NGS assay for liquid biopsy may decrease tissue biopsies and turnaround time for report release, accelerating therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients.

A smaller fraction of H1047R in blood compared to a tumor indicates its low copy number in circulation. Thus H1047R mutation can be used as a predictive pCR and the development of a specific inhibitor against this mutation may be useful in the fight against this breast cancer subtype.

This cohort study speficies the overall mutation rate of PIK3CA in early breast cancer. The impact of PIK3CA-mutations on RFI and OS was heterogeneous. Our results suggest that estrogen deprivation failes to be active in case of PIK3CA-mutation.

Using only the subset of patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy as standard of care (excluding the lapatinib plus paclitaxel arm), we found a statistically significant lower pCR rate among PIK3CA-mutated tumors using logistic regression model (30% vs 54%, OR=0.30, p=0.045). Conclusion In our study, the presence of PIK3CA mutation was significantly associated with lower pCR rates in patients treated with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. Moreover, in uni- and multivariable Cox models, PIK3CA mutations were associated with worse long-term survival, which appeared to be driven by HR-positive and luminal HER2-positive breast tumors.

For germline BRCA1-mutated breast cancer, TP53 R175H was unanimously the most frequent mutation among the three germline cohorts. Our study provides lists of potential shared neoantigens among BRCA1-related breast cancer, which may be used in developing off-the-shelf neoantigen-based vaccines.

"The PI3K inhibitor alpelisib has been recently approved for the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer with PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAmut)... The AGENA ClearSEEK PIK3CA Panel combines both low DNA input and hands-on time requirements with accurate data assessment and provides a high-sensitive and reliable tool to perform PIK3CA analysis of clinically actionable mutations in breast cancer tumors."

Among these, PI3Kα specific inhibitor alpelisib was approved by FDA for breast cancer and other α-isoform specific inhibitors such as inavolisib and serabelisib reached clinical trials. Moreover, correlated motions of all residues were generally higher for ATP except the H1047R mutation which exhibited a distinguishable reduction. The results presented here could be guiding for pre-clinical and clinical studies of personalized medicine where individual mutations are a strong consideration point.

Compared with the Western cohort, the mutation frequency of PIK3CA in breast cancer was reduced in the Chinese cohort. RTK/RAS pathway, PI3K pathway and P53 pathway were identified as the most common co-mutation pathways, suggesting that they may potentially serve as targets for possible Alpelisib-based combination therapy.

To verify the experimental accuracy, the gold-standard qRT-PCR assay was utilized, and the results showed a high degree of consistency. Thus, this rapid, sensitive and cost-effective SERS microfluidic chip has potential as an ideal detection platform for ctDNA monitoring.

P4, N=6, Completed, Samsung Medical Center | Unknown status --> Completed | N=25 --> 6

The ddPCR results revealed that 32.8% (n=22) of the ctDNA samples contained our target mutation alleles. CTCs were found in 77.2% (17/22) of these mutated samples and NGS results showed 87.5% concordance in analyzed CTCs for our targeted hot spot mutations with ctDNA results from ddPCR. The presence of PIK3CA hot spot mutations detected in both CTCs and ctDNA (n=29) was 86.2% concordant.

The high incidence of the PI3K pathway gene mutations observed in this study could be exploited for the therapeutic management of cervical cancers.

Of the entire cohort, we observed five activating PIK3CA mutations (R108H; G364R; E542K; E545K, n = 2) which may be sensitive to FDA-approved PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib. Additionally, patients with loss-of-function mutation in NF1 (n = 2), STK11 (n = 1) and PTEN (n = 1) can be targeted with MEK inhibitor selumetinib and mTOR inhibitor everolimus, respectively. Except for one V600E mutation, all mutations in BRAF are either type 2 (L597R, n = 1) or type 3 (N581S, n = 1; D594N, n = 4) which were sensitive to MEK inhibitor trametinib...Interestingly, one IDH1 mutation (R132C) carrier in our cohort might benefit from ivosidenib... Through comprehensive genomic characterization of Chinese SBA patients, we identified actionable variants of multiple signaling pathways in plenty. NGS profiling results can guide physicians to enroll a significant portion of SBA patients in genomically-matched clinical trials.

Updated analysis of the FAKTION trial data show a significant improvement in OS in the ITT population. Enhanced subgroup analysis suggests that the benefit of capivasertib in both PFS and OS may be predominantly in patients with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN pathway altered tumours, but further elucidation will be forthcoming from the ongoing Phase 3 CAPItello-291 study in which participants with PA and PNA tumours have been recruited.

The PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib has been approved for breast cancer where a single PIK3CA activating mutation is sufficient for response... Double-hit mutations in PIK3CA are seen in 1.7% of advanced CRC patients and may represent a subset of patients that may have enhanced sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors. Given the high prevalence of CRC in the United States and worldwide this represents a clinically meaningful prevalence of multi-hit PIK3CA. Future investigation on the clinical utility of PI3K inhibitors may be warranted in multi-hit PIK3CA CRC.