Preoperative CA153 and CA199 levels were found to be independent factors influencing ovarian tumour organoid generation. The drug responses of most PDOs to paclitaxel and carboplatin were consistent with the clinical treatment outcomes.

P1, N=48, Recruiting, Sawa Ito, MD | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=108, Active, not recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027

Standard chemotherapy regimens for patients with breast cancer are based on epirubicin-cyclophosphamide (EC) and paclitaxel (TAX) administrations. In only 4 days, the first TAX administration induced severe skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodelling in patients with breast cancer, characterized by impaired mitochondrial dynamics that resulted in swollen and damaged organelles. These findings demonstrate that mitochondrial toxicity, classically documented at the end of treatment, occurs acutely and after only one chemotherapy administration.

These findings confirm Dipyr's protective potential against Cyc-induced hepatotoxicity mainly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Dipyr may probably mitigate hepatic injuries when used as an adjuvant in patients undergoing Cyc therapy.

GO and PO treatment restored altered antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressed inflammation, reduced apoptosis, and increased antiapoptotic genes. Significant ameliorative effects for GO and PO against CP-induced cardiotoxicity at the histopathological level were reported.

P1, N=35, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027

Absence of tumor response to oncologic treatment was strongly associated with higher mortality (88.9%) and final visual acuity worse than or equal to 20/200 (71.4%), whereas escalation of immunosuppression, such as immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and cyclophosphamide, was not associated with improved outcomes. Further investigation into the mechanisms by which CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell recruitment and activation in the pre-laminar optic nerve is essential to develop targeted therapies that can improve visual outcomes.

These findings establish cytosolic ssDNA-driven immune programs as a mechanistic link between DNA damage and antitumor immunity, providing both a predictive biomarker and a therapeutic axis for chemoimmunotherapy. Pharmacologic induction of ssDNA represents a rational strategy to enhance ICB efficacy and expand immunotherapy responsiveness in TNBC.

In vivo experiments showed that TMP effectively improved immune function in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice, as indicated by increased immune organ indices, elevated serum levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), and alleviated histopathological damage in spleen tissue. This study provides theoretical support for the development of TMP in immunomodulatory products and expands the potential application of tiger nut by-products in the functional food industry.

P2, N=48, Suspended, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Suspended

P=N/A, N=50, Recruiting, iOMEDICO AG | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting