irinotecan

P=N/A, N=150, Recruiting, Harbin Medical University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1/2, N=222, Not yet recruiting, Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) Inc.

P1/2, N=186, Recruiting, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd. | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Apr 2027

P3, N=236, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2026

Despite apparently favorable pathological staging and adjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, the patient developed early biochemical progression with rapidly rising carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels, followed by widespread metastatic dissemination involving the liver, lung, spine, skeletal muscle, and multiple visceral sites...This case highlights the limitations of anatomical staging in PDAC and emphasizes the prognostic importance of tumor biology, including KRAS mutation status, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. It also demonstrates the potential limitations of CA 19-9 as a solitary marker of treatment response in biologically aggressive disease.

P1, N=20, Recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

P3, N=320, Recruiting, Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) Inc. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=32, Recruiting, Shanghai Pudong Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2027 --> Jul 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jul 2027

P2, N=5, Terminated, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; change in standard-of-care systemic therapy

Triplet chemotherapy based on FOLFOXIRI (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) has achieved high response rates and deep tumor shrinkage. In combination with molecularly targeted agents, triplet therapy plus bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, has demonstrated superior efficacy compared with doublet chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. In patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type tumors, combination therapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab and panitumumab has also shown improved survival outcomes, although toxicity remains a major concern...This review outlines the historical development of triplet therapy in mCRC, summarizes the major clinical trials investigating triplet chemotherapy combined with molecularly targeted agents, and discusses direct comparisons between anti-VEGF- and anti-EGFR-based strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on practical considerations for clinical implementation, including toxicity management, dose optimization, and multidisciplinary supportive care.

Subgroup analysis demonstrated that among patients receiving mFOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine-based combination regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy, both DFS and OS were significantly better in the low GLUT1 expression group compared with the high expression group (all P<0.05). GLUT1 expression level affects adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy after radical resection of pancreatic cancer, and its high expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor.

P1, N=10, Recruiting, Northwell Health | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 --> Apr 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Apr 2028