BRAF mutation

P1/2, N=44, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

After PSM, no significant differences in outcomes were observed between adjuvant anti-PD-1 and BRAF/MEK-treated patients with stage III BRAF-mutant melanoma.

Targeting C5AR1 synergistically improves antitumor effect of PD-1 blockade against ATC cell-derived tumors. These findings provide systematic insights into tumor biology and opportunities for drug discovery, accelerating precision therapy for virulent thyroid cancers.

Neoadjuvant treatment with cobimetinib and atezolizumab±vemurafenib was associated with a low rate of distant metastasis in patients with high-risk stage III melanoma. Freedom from early distant metastasis was highly associated with taxonomic differences in gut microbiome structure and with functional pathway alterations known to modulate T cell immunity. Identification of predictive biomarkers will permit optimization of neoadjuvant therapy regimens for individual patients.

Combination immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) with ipilimumab (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) + nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in untreated, metastatic melanoma has achieved a ten-year melanoma-specific survival of 52%...Addition of ipilimumab, relatlimab (anti-LAG3), or lenvatinib (VEGFR TKI) has minimal to modest efficacy...Recently, personalized, autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy has become a US Food and Drug Administration-approved second-line option; lifileucel demonstrates durable response (approximately 30%) in heavily pretreated, metastatic melanoma...As a therapy which is limited to patients who are HLA-A*02:01, T-cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells (TCR-T) iterates on personalized adoptive cell transfer, and immune mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer are CD3 bispecifics that bind glycoprotein 100 (tebentafusp, approved for metastatic uveal melanoma) or PRAME to activate T cells...ICI may be given with modified immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune disease or previous organ transplantation. Cumulative data support safe administration in older patients and in ICI rechallenge for patients with previous irAE.

MM-H&N shows a significant percentage of WT cases and a limited number of targetable mutations, predominantly involving BRAF/RAS mutations, the latter of which are associated with mucosal lentiginous histology. A subset of patients with consecutive samples demonstrates discordant molecular results, indicating that NGS of all samples may be necessary to determine the most appropriate therapeutic approach.

P3, N=300, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Dec 2025

P2, N=125, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Mar 2026

The study showed that brisk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were a marker for disease progression, and for response to immunotherapy strategies. To validate these findings on a larger scale, further research is warranted through a multicenter study with a larger cohort and additional genetic and translational analysis.

Survival analysis highlighted the prognostic relevance of pathway-specific alterations. These insights emphasize the importance of precision medicine approaches that consider genetic heterogeneity and pathway-specific alterations to improve outcomes for H/L CRC patients.

Experiment methods such as dog, tumor cell line, cell migration, gene expression, real time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were also more frequent keywords after 2014. This scientometric study elucidated the current scenario and research trends of ameloblastoma, and would help in improving in reciprocal collaboration and communication for investigations on this tumor.

P1, N=41, Active, not recruiting, Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=275 --> 41 | Trial completion date: Apr 2028 --> Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2027 --> Sep 2025

Along with this, techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 aid in the developing therapeutic strategies. Proteomics and metabolomics approach further contribute to novel research direction in oncology.

P2, N=56, Active, not recruiting, Yale University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

This study highlights the epidemiology of guideline-based targetable alterations in French-Canadian patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma. The large proportion of patients eligible for targeted therapies will have important impact on oncological practices in the current era of neoadjuvant and perioperative treatments.

HER2 amplification was found in 10% of advanced BTC and was not identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS. Patients with HER2-amplified BTC derive significant benefit from HER2-targeted therapy.

P1/2, N=221, Not yet recruiting, Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Dec 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027

Molecular testing of thyroid nodules provides a more accurate prediction of tumor behavior compared to tumor size alone. These findings suggest that future staging systems could benefit from incorporating molecular alteration patterns into their algorithms.

These targets were subsequently applied to investigate proteomic changes in multiple patient-derived BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines treated with a BRAF inhibitor (PLX4720, i.e., vemurafenib). Our findings revealed differential regulation of the XBP1s branch of the UPR in the BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines after PLX4720 treatment, likely due to calcium activation, suggesting that the UPR plays a role as a non-genetic mechanism of drug tolerance in melanoma. In conclusion, the validated branch-specific UPR proteomic targets identified in this study provide a robust framework for investigating this pathway across different cell types, drug treatments, and disease conditions in a high-throughput manner.

P2, N=35, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Mar 2026

P1, N=22, Terminated, BioNTech US Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2029 --> Mar 2025 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2029 --> Mar 2025; Sponsor decision

P2, N=173, Recruiting, Scancell Ltd | N=130 --> 173 | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027

Our study provides a comprehensive comparison of AM and MM, uncovering subtype-specific stromal-immune interactions and molecular programs. The findings highlight actionable targets (e.g., TIGIT in AM, CXCL3⁺ macrophages in MM) and propose a framework for precision therapies, biomarker-driven trials, and risk stratification to improve outcomes in these aggressive melanomas.

After 2 years of pembrolizumab treatment, the patient's CR status was maintained, with only Grade 1 hypothyroidism. We believe that pembrolizumab therapy for MSI-high, unresectable, advanced, recurrent colorectal cancer is useful in older patients with good PS, no major underlying disease, and a medical system that can respond to irAE.

This case underscores the need for personalized approaches in treating AM, especially those with rare molecular alterations like AGK-BRAF fusion. Insights from genomic and immune profiling may inform future therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and improve outcomes in this challenging melanoma subtype.

High infiltration of TILs, especially CD3+ and CD8+, was associated with significantly improved survival, while BRAF and KRAS mutations were correlated with worse survival outcomes for patients with non-metastatic pMMR CRC.

Importantly, the association between tumoral mutational profile and survival differed by site of metastatic disease. The prognostic significance of specific mutations, particularly BRAF and KRAS, differs between patients with CPM and CLM, and supports the distinct biology of these metastatic sites and the importance of tissue and circulating genomic profiling to risk-stratify these patients according to site of metastasis.

No abstract available

P3, N=700, Recruiting, SWOG Cancer Research Network | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Jan 2027

P=N/A, N=50, Recruiting, University Hospital, Toulouse | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2025

P=N/A, N=10000, Not yet recruiting, Henan Cancer Hospital; Henan Cancer Hospital

P=N/A, N=2000, Not yet recruiting, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; West China Hospital of Sichuan University

P2, N=40, Not yet recruiting, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute; Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute

P2, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Sichuan Cancer Hospital; Sichuan Cancer Hospital

P2, N=14, Terminated, Yonsei University | N=30 --> 14 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Mar 2025 | Not yet recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Mar 2025; According to the protocol criteria, during the Phase 1 analysis, the registered participants' imaging evaluation responses did not meet the criteria, leading to an early termination

No abstract available

GC plus immunotherapy is still the standard of care for late stage BTC. PD-L1 expression and TMB were not good predictors for selecting patients who would benefit more from immunotherapy plus chemotherapy.

These findings enhance our comprehension of cell-cell communication between immune and cancer cells. Furthermore, this work suggests that targeting MC-CRC interactions, particularly through modulating integrin pathways, could o_er new therapeutic strategies for aggressive CRC subtypes.

This study supports the suggestion that class 3 BRAF mutations amplify existing Ras signaling in a two-mutation model and that the enhancement of weak/atypical Ras mutations may suffice for tumorigenesis, with potentially clinically important heterogeneity in the class 2/3 subgroup. Implications: The heterogeneous nature of BRAF-mutant colorectal cancers, particularly among class 2/3 mutations which frequently harbor additional Ras mutations, highlights the necessity of comprehensive molecular profiling.

As the landscape of HER2-directed therapies continues to evolve, these findings suggest that ERBB2 alterations and HER2 expression may represent a potential therapeutic target in LGSC.

The type and rates of mutations detected for lung tumors in Jordan are relatively similar to those found in other populations previously studied, although some differences exist. However, lung tumors in Jordan require new customized treatment prescriptions based on prior genetic studies, as part of the hoped-for trend toward precision medicine.

P1, N=70, Active, not recruiting, AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting