BRAF mutation

Conventional radiotherapy combined with temozolomide proved ineffective. This is the first reported case of multi-oncogenic pathway alterations following BRAF-targeted therapy in PXA. These genetic abnormalities likely contributed to the tumor's drug resistance and aggressive progression in this case.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as toceranib phosphate (Palladia) and masitinib, have demonstrated efficacy in MCTs...This review comprehensively synthesizes state-of-the-art literature on canine skin cancer, addressing pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic advancements, and emerging therapeutic strategies. In addition, this review aims to improve early detection, treatment outcomes, and enduring prognosis for affected canines by integrating recent findings into molecular oncology and comparative medicine.

Emerging imaging modalities, quantitative PET metrics, and artificial intelligence (ΑΙ) -assisted approaches hold prοmise for enhancing prognostic accuracy and personalizing fοllow-up and therapy. Cοnclusions: Integrating biomarkers, molecular profiling, and advanced imaging within a dynamic, patient-centered framework is essential for accurate response assessment and optimal management of advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Oral melanocytic neoplasms are rare and have distinct clinicopathological features. Despite this, a gap exists in molecular data regarding ODN and AMP. Conversely, OMN and OMM have distinct profiles; in particular, the latter may benefit modestly from tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, as KIT and BRAF mutations are sensitive to imatinib and vemurafenib, respectively.

NGS identified an AKAP9 (exon 32)::BRAF (exon 9) fusion, without TERT promoter mutations or other high-risk alterations. This case highlights a rare molecular subset of Spitz melanocytoma and underscores the importance of integrated molecular and histopathological assessment for accurate diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and potential targeted therapy.

Given the tumour's unresectable nature due to proximity to critical mediastinal structures and the patient's comorbidities, she was initiated on a modified combination immune checkpoint inhibitor regimen with nivolumab and ipilimumab. This case highlights the importance of a meticulous diagnostic approach to solitary pulmonary lesions and underscores the evolving role of immunotherapy in managing rare malignancies such as PMML. Reporting such cases enhances the clinical understanding and guides future management of this rare disease.

Although vemurafenib showed efficacy in metastatic melanoma, off-label use resulted in limited benefit and increased adverse events. Unclear endpoints and underreported adverse events highlight the need for improved clinical trial design.

Treatment similar to that of melanoma was commenced with pembrolizumab, which he completed without significant side-effects...Paediatric metastatic atypical DPN is not documented. Paediatric oncology supraspecialist MDT consensus was mandatory for management and support for our patient.

As SLNB becomes increasingly integrated into clinical practice, our study highlights the important role of SLNB in managing higher-risk patients and providing access to SACT. Why mortality significantly differs between those diagnosed through teledermatology vs. face-to-face needs further investigation, but it highlights the safety of teledermatology-directed care in the skin cancer pathway.

Isolated GIT metastases may be surgically resected with improved outcome. Patients treated with first-line immunotherapy have better overall survival than those treated with first-line targeted therapy.

We present the largest dataset on melanoma BRAF status in England. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating BRAF testing into -early-stage melanoma care, ensuring early and accurate testing to guide treatment and improve understanding of patient prognosis.

P2, N=169, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2025