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DRUG:

Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)

i
Other names: sHHT, CGX-635, CXS-635, HHT, NCI 141633, C41443
Company:
ArchiMed, Teva
Drug class:
Apoptosis stimulant, MCL1 inhibitor, MYC inhibitor, Protein synthesis inhibitor, G1-S-specific cyclin-D1 inhibitor
Related drugs:
4d
New trial
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
15d
Translating molecular insights into clinical success: alkaloid-based therapies for leukemia. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol)
This review discusses several potent alkaloids, such as homoharringtonine, chaetominine, matrine, and jerantinine B, which induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy and inhibit signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and NF-κB...In addition, targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs) with alkaloids such as zalypsis offers promise due to its ability to induce apoptosis without significantly affecting normal hematopoietic stem cells...For example, jerantinine B targets AML cells, while vincristine has shown success in lymphocytic leukemia...However, adverse effects such as neutropenia and hepatotoxicity necessitate careful management. Collectively, these findings emphasize the need for further research into alkaloid-based combination therapies to enhance efficacy and minimize toxicity, providing a promising avenue for innovative leukemia treatments.
Review • Journal
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FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3)
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vincristine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
21d
Antiproliferative Activity of Cephalotaxus Esters: Overcoming Chemoresistance. (PubMed, Comb Chem High Throughput Screen)
Taken together, our results confirm that HHT is a substrate for MDR1. It opens the door to a new opportunity to clinically evaluate HHT and its derivatives for the treatment of AML and other cancers.
Journal
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ABCB1 (ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1) • ABCG2 (ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2) • CASP3 (Caspase 3) • CDC7 (Cell Division Cycle 7)
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ABCB1 overexpression
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mitoxantrone • dactinomycin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
1m
APG2575AC101: Study of APG2575 Single Agent and Combination With Therapy in Patients Relapsed/Refractory AML (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=284, Recruiting, Ascentage Pharma Group Inc. | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 --> Aug 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Aug 2025
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy
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azacitidine • lisaftoclax (APG-2575) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
2ms
Omacetaxine and Venetoclax for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome Harboring Mutant RUNX1 (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=24, Completed, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 --> Sep 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Sep 2024
Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1)
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RUNX1 mutation
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
2ms
Homoharringtonine promotes non-small-cell lung cancer cell death via modulating HIF-1α/ERβ/E2F1 feedforward loop. (PubMed, J Pharm Pharmacol)
The formation of the HIF-1α/ERβ/E2F1 feedforward loop promotes NSCLC growth and reveals a novel molecular mechanism by which HHT induces cell death in NSCLC.
Journal
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ER (Estrogen receptor) • HIF1A (Hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit) • E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1)
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HIF1A overexpression • HIF1A expression
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
2ms
Homoharringtonine sensitized resistant acute myeloid leukemia cells to venetoclax-induced apoptosis. (PubMed, Leuk Lymphoma)
In this study, we observed that combining homoharringtonine (HHT) with VEN plus azacitidine resulted in a significantly higher response and better survival than VA alone in patients with R/R-AML. Mechanistically, HHT sensitizes AML cells to VEN by downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1/BCL-xL, activating reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and attenuating fatty acid (FA) uptake. These findings adding HHT to VEN-based regimens may enhance outcomes in R/R-AML patients.
Journal
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BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • MCL1 (Myeloid cell leukemia 1) • BCL2L1 (BCL2-like 1)
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
3ms
HADCEBPA2023: Intermediate-dose HAD Regimen for CEBPA Double-mutated AML (clinicaltrials.gov)
P=N/A, N=148, Recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open
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cyclophosphamide • daunorubicin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
3ms
Homoharringtonine synergizes with venetoclax in early T cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Bench and bed. (PubMed, Med)
Our findings demonstrate that a combination of HHT/VEN is effective on ETP-ALL and represents the "backbone" of a promising and safe regimen for newly diagnosed and R/R patients with ETP-ALL.
Journal
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MCL1 (Myeloid cell leukemia 1)
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
3ms
Omacetaxine and Venetoclax for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome Harboring Mutant RUNX1 (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=24, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Aug 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Aug 2025
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1)
|
Venclexta (venetoclax) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
3ms
Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2025 update on diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring. (PubMed, Am J Hematol)
Four tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and nilotinib, are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for first-line treatment of newly diagnosed CML in the chronic phase (CML-CP)...Patients who develop the T315I "gatekeeper" mutation display resistance to all currently available TKIs except ponatinib, asciminib, and olverembatinib. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains an important therapeutic option for patients with CML-CP and failure (due to resistance) of at least two TKIs and for all patients in advanced-phase disease. Older patients who have a cytogenetic relapse post-failure on all TKIs can maintain long-term survival if they continue a daily most effective/least toxic TKI, with or without the addition of non-TKI anti-CML agents (hydroxyurea, omacetaxine, azacitidine, decitabine, cytarabine, and others).
Journal
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ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1) • BCR (BCR Activator Of RhoGEF And GTPase)
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dasatinib • imatinib • cytarabine • Iclusig (ponatinib) • azacitidine • Tasigna (nilotinib) • Bosulif (bosutinib) • decitabine • Scemblix (asciminib) • Nailike (olverembatinib) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • hydroxyurea
4ms
HADCEBPA2023: Intermediate-dose HAD Regimen for CEBPA Double-mutated AML (clinicaltrials.gov)
P=N/A, N=148, Not yet recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China
New trial
|
cyclophosphamide • daunorubicin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
4ms
Treatment of three pediatric AML co-expressing NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1. (PubMed, BMC Pediatr)
During the induction phase of the CCLG-AML-2019 treatment protocol, the DAH (Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) and IAH (Idarubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) regimens, in conjunction with targeted drug therapy, did not achieve remission. Subsequently, the patients were shifted to the relapsed/refractory chemotherapy regimen C + HAG (Cladribine, Homoharringtonine, Cytarabine, and G-CSF) for two cycles, which also failed to induce remission...The therapeutic conclusion is that pediatric AML patients with the aforementioned co-expression do not respond to chemotherapy. Non-remission transplantation, supplemented with tailor-made pre- and post-transplant strategies, may enhance treatment outcomes.
Journal
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FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor) • NUP98 (Nucleoporin 98 And 96 Precursor 2) • NSD1 (Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 1)
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daunorubicin • idarubicin hydrochloride • cladribine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
4ms
Efficacy of venetoclax-based induction regimen in newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (PubMed, Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi)
The patients were divided into DAH group (daunorubicin, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) and VAH group (venetoclax, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) according to induction regimen. FLT3 mutation was not conducive to morphological remission (OR=5.832, 95%CI: 1.778-19.124) and negative MRD (OR=4.166, 95%CI: 1.396-12.433). Venetoclax-based induction regimen is more effective than traditional chemotherapy regimen for newly diagnosed pediatric AML.
Journal
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FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3)
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • daunorubicin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
4ms
Homoharringtonine may help improve the outcomes of venetoclax and azacitidine in AML1-ETO positive acute myeloid leukemia. (PubMed, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol)
Our data confirmed the poor response of VA in AE-AML, whether used as frontline or salvage therapy. Adding HHT to VA may improve outcomes and enhance the efficacy of VEN in this population.
Retrospective data • Journal
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KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
4ms
Venetoclax and Azacitidine Combined With Homoharringtonine, Followed by Allo-HSCT for Intermediate and High-risk AML. (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=56, Recruiting, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
New P2 trial
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
5ms
(Homo-)harringtonine prevents endothelial inflammation through IRF-1 dependent downregulation of VCAM1 mRNA expression and inhibition of cell adhesion molecule protein biosynthesis. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother)
The plant alkaloid homoharringtonine (HHT) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for the treatment of hematologic malignancies...While HHT did not affect the prominent TNF-induced pro-inflammatory NF-ĸB signaling cascade, the compound downregulated the VCAM1 mRNA expression in an IRF-1-dependent manner and diminished active ICAM1 mRNA translation as determined by polysome profiling. This study highlights HHT as an anti-inflammatory compound that efficiently hampers the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction by targeting endothelial activation processes.
Journal
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ICAM1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule 1) • IRF1 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 1) • VCAM1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1)
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
5ms
The small-molecule drug homoharringtonine targets HSF1 to suppress pancreatic cancer progression. (PubMed, Am J Cancer Res)
Mechanistically, HHT directly bound to HSF1, suppressing its expression and thereby inhibiting transcription of HSF1 target genes. In conclusion, our work presents a preclinical discovery and validation for HHT as a HSF1 inhibitor for PC treatment.
Journal
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HSF1 (Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1)
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
6ms
Repurposing homoharringtonine for thyroid cancer treatment through TIMP1/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (PubMed, iScience)
Mechanistically, HHT exerted anti-TC effects by downregulating TIMP1 expression and then inactivating the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrated that HHT could inhibit TC progression by inhibiting the TIMP1/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Journal
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TIMP1 (Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1)
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TIMP1 overexpression • KIM1 expression • TIMP1 expression
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
6ms
Omacetaxine and Venetoclax for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome Harboring Mutant RUNX1 (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=24, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=84 --> 24
Enrollment closed • Enrollment change
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RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1)
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RUNX1 mutation
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
6ms
Omacetaxine + Azacitidine in Untreated Patients With High Grade MDS (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=29, Active, not recruiting, University of Colorado, Denver | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> May 2024
Trial primary completion date
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azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
7ms
Omacetaxine + Azacitidine in Untreated Patients With High Grade MDS (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=29, Active, not recruiting, University of Colorado, Denver | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 --> Dec 2024
Trial primary completion date
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azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
7ms
Comparing the Efficacy of VHAG and Traditional Chemotherapy Regimens in Newly Diagnosed ETP-ALL (clinicaltrials.gov)
P3, N=81, Recruiting, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • cytarabine • cyclophosphamide • daunorubicin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • vindesine
7ms
Homoharringtonine enhances cytarabine-induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia by regulating the p38 MAPK/H2AX/Mcl-1 axis. (PubMed, BMC Cancer)
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a fatal haematopoietic malignancy and is treated with the conventional combination of cytarabine (Ara-C) and daunorubicin (Dau). HHT synergistically induces apoptosis in combination with Ara-C in vitro and prolongs the survival of xenografts. We provide a new mechanism for AML treatment by regulating the p38 MAPK/H2AX/Mcl-1 axis to improve cytarabine therapy.
Journal
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MCL1 (Myeloid cell leukemia 1)
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cytarabine • daunorubicin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
7ms
New P3 trial
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • cytarabine • cyclophosphamide • daunorubicin • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • vindesine
7ms
MILIP Binding to tRNAs Promotes Protein Synthesis to Drive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. (PubMed, Cancer Res)
Targeting MILIP inhibited TNBC growth and cooperated with the clinically available protein synthesis inhibitor omacetaxine mepesuccinate in vivo. Collectively, these results identify MILIP as an RNA translation elongation factor that promotes protein production in TNBC cells and reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting MILIP, alone and in combination with other types of protein synthesis inhibitors, for TNBC treatment. LncRNA MILIP plays a key role in supporting protein production in TNBC by forming complexes with tRNAs and eEF1α1, which confers sensitivity to combined MILIP targeting and protein synthesis inhibitors.
Journal
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TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • EEF1A1 (Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Alpha 1) • MILIP (MYC Inducible LncRNA Inactivating P53)
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TP53 mutation
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
7ms
Identification of an anaplastic subtype of prostate cancer amenable to therapies targeting SP1 or translation elongation. (PubMed, Sci Adv)
Homoharringtonine, a Food And Drug Administration-approved translation elongation inhibitor, impedes CRPC progression in preclinical models and patients with CRPC. We construct an SCLPC-specific signature capable of stratifying patients for drug selectivity. Our studies reveal the existence of SCLPC in admixed PCa pathology, which may mediate tumor relapse, and establish SP1 and translation elongation as actionable therapeutic targets for CRPC.
Journal
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AR (Androgen receptor)
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AR positive
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
8ms
Preclinical evaluation of protein synthesis inhibitor omacetaxine in pediatric brainstem gliomas. (PubMed, Neurooncol Adv)
Despite these promising in vitro effects, omacetaxine's efficacy in an orthotopic DIPG model was limited due to inadequate penetration across the blood-brain barrier. As such, further research and advancements are crucial to improve the drug's brain penetration, thus enhancing its overall therapeutic potential.
Preclinical • Journal • PARP Biomarker
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PDGFRA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha) • CASP3 (Caspase 3) • ANXA5 (Annexin A5)
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
8ms
Characterization of Asciminib-Resistant Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Cells. (PubMed, World J Oncol)
Y139D and T315I mutations are extremely resistant to asciminib. Ponatinib and omacetaxine show potential for treating asciminib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia.
Journal
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ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1)
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ABL1 T315I
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Iclusig (ponatinib) • Scemblix (asciminib) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
8ms
New trial
|
BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2)
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • cytarabine • etoposide IV • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
8ms
Synergistic effect of azacitidine with homoharringtonine by activating the c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA axis in acute myeloid leukemia (PubMed, Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi)
The synergy of AZA+HHT on apoptosis was induced by activating c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA-mediated ISR signaling. The combination of AZA and HHT exerts synergistic anti-AML effects by inhibiting cellular proliferation and promoting apoptosis through activation of the ISR signaling pathway via the c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA axis.
Journal
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MYC (V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) • DDIT3 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3)
|
MYC expression
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azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
8ms
Omacetaxine + Azacitidine in Untreated Patients With High Grade MDS (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=29, Active, not recruiting, University of Colorado, Denver | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=45 --> 29
Enrollment closed • Enrollment change
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azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
8ms
Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride Liposome Combined With Chemotherapy in Untreated de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (clinicaltrials.gov)
P=N/A, N=90, Recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open
|
Venclexta (venetoclax) • cytarabine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • Duoenda (mitoxantrone liposomal)
9ms
Cladribine Plus Homoharringtonine and Cytarabine Regimen (CHA) for de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=30, Recruiting, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Jun 2025 | Initiation date: Oct 2022 --> Jun 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024
Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date
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cytarabine • cladribine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
9ms
Omacetaxine + Azacitidine in Untreated Patients With High Grade MDS (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=45, Recruiting, University of Colorado, Denver | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Apr 2024
Trial primary completion date
|
azacitidine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
9ms
Efficacy of novel agents against cellular models of familial platelet disorder with myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). (PubMed, Blood Cancer J)
GMR-AML1 and PD FPD-MM cells were sensitive to homoharringtonine (HHT or omacetaxine) or mebendazole-induced lethality, associated with repression of c-Myc, EVI1, PLK1, CDK6 and MCL1. In luciferase-expressing GMR-AML1 xenograft model, MB, omacetaxine or volasertib monotherapy, or co-treatment with MB and volasertib, significantly reduced AML burden and improved survival in the immune-depleted mice. These findings highlight the molecular features of FPD-MM progression and demonstrate HHT, MB and/or volasertib as effective agents against cellular models of FPD-MM.
Journal • IO biomarker
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MYC (V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) • BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1) • MCL1 (Myeloid cell leukemia 1) • CDK6 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 6) • MECOM (MDS1 And EVI1 Complex Locus)
|
RUNX1 mutation • BCL2 expression • MYC expression
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volasertib (NBL-001) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • mebendazole
9ms
GMCAII: Clinical Study of Induction Therapy Options Based on Molecular Subtyping and MRD in Children and Adolescents With AML (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=500, Recruiting, Children's Hospital of Soochow University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open
|
Venclexta (venetoclax) • sorafenib • cytarabine • Xospata (gilteritinib) • etoposide IV • idarubicin hydrochloride • Ayvakit (avapritinib) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • Duoenda (mitoxantrone liposomal)
10ms
Acute undifferentiated leukemia with undifferentiated myeloid sarcoma: Case report and literature review. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore))
To diagnosis de novo acute leukemia with extensive and comprehensive cellular immune maker detection is available and credible, the expression of a single relatively nonspecific myeloid antigen as a immune maker to detect AUL or AUL associated with sarcoma is precise and effective in our case, which patient was benefit from HIA regiment.
Review • Journal
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CD7 (CD7 Molecule)
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cytarabine • azacitidine • idarubicin hydrochloride • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
10ms
New P2 trial
|
Venclexta (venetoclax) • sorafenib • cytarabine • Xospata (gilteritinib) • etoposide IV • idarubicin hydrochloride • Ayvakit (avapritinib) • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • Duoenda (mitoxantrone liposomal)
11ms
The therapeutic effect of decitabine combined with HAG in acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective case-control analysis. (PubMed, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci)
Compared to HAG treatment alone, the combination of decitabine and HAG in the treatment of AML is safe, can significantly improve the immune function of the patients, regulate bFGF and VEGF levels, and improve overall treatment efficacy.
Retrospective data • Journal
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule) • FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor)
|
cytarabine • decitabine • Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
11ms
Ginsenoside Rd Induces Differentiation of Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Regulating ERK/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway. (PubMed, Chin J Integr Med)
GRd might induce the differentiation of AML cells via regulating the ERK/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Journal
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WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor) • GATA1 (GATA Binding Protein 1) • STAT1 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1)
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) • PD98059
11ms
Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of mammary carcinoma cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. (PubMed, Vet Comp Oncol)
In conclusion, HHT damages CMC cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. Such findings lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of CMC and provide more options for clinical medication.
Journal • IO biomarker
|
TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) • CASP3 (Caspase 3) • CASP9 (Caspase 9)
|
BCL2 expression • TP53 expression • BAX expression
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Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate)