These preliminary findings suggest that evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity together with CD107a expression in mCRC patients derived PBMC could be a useful tool to identify early responders after only 8 weeks of treatment with cetuximab plus avelumab. In addition, we aim to further investigate the potential role of CCL5 secreted by peripheral immune cells and its cut-off as a predictive biomarker of mCRC progression in a larger cohort of patients.

The frequent alterations of the PI3K pathway in gynecological cancers could emerge as new treatment target. Our data confirm the high frequency of PIK3CA mutations establishing EC as an ideal candidate for testing of PI3K inhibitors regardless of the TCGA classification. Moreover, these data confirm that other targetable mutations are present also in MSS EC group thus suggesting that new target agents should be explored.

The data presented in this study are consistent with the results of TOPAZ1 trial. However about a third of patients do not respond to CHT or have a short response duration. In our experience both NLR and basal elevated AST/ALT seem to be associated with an improved mPFS and a better outcome but further studies are needed.

We performed a comprehensive evaluation of liver-metastatic (LM) disease among mCRC patients enrolled in the phase II randomized AtezoTRIBE trial, that showed a modest benefit from the addition of atezolizumab (atezo) to 1st line FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab (bev) and identified Immunoscore IC as a predictor of ICI efficacy in the proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) population... In our cohort of pMMR mCRC patients, the immune microenvironment of tumors with LM spread does not differ from that of tumors with no liver involvement. The presence or not of LM disease does not affect the efficacy of adding atezo to first-line FOLFOXIRI/bev, differently than Immunoscore IC.

We demonstrated that FOXA1 prevents tumor immune evasion by inhibiting IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in NPC cells. Our research findings provide new insights into the immunotherapeutic biomarkers and targets for NPC, which is important for the clinical application of programmed cell death protein-1/PD-L1 antibodies in NPC.

Organ-specific irAEs occur infrequently when combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other anticancer drugs are used. However, the risk of serious colitis and certain AEs is higher than that associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy. Vigilant monitoring of AEs and implementation of appropriate clinical management strategies guided by the mode of action of the combination drugs are essential.

Factors for improved PFS include early treatment, lower T stage, fewer metastatic sites, and lower pre-IBIL, post-GLOB, and post-CA125 levels. Nomogram models can help identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, providing valuable clinical guidance.

However, the pooled hazard ratio for OS favoured PD-L1 inhibitors (hazard ratios - HR, 0.83, &lsqb;95% CI: 0.78-0.88] and p < 0.00001), while PFS was better after chemotherapy (HR 1.28, &lsqb;95% CI: 1.04-1.58], p = 0.02). Program death ligand-1 inhibitors improve OS, while chemotherapy enhances PFS in advanced G/GEJC, warranting further investigation into the impact of CPS on treatment outcomes.

D+T is active in mCRPC but patient selection remains a challenge. Further studies to develop predictive biomarkers are warranted.

A selected subset of patients with advanced UC may experience long-term clinical benefit from anti-PD-(L)1 treatment. We identified prognostic factors that might be used for risk assessment and clinical trial stratification.

P2, N=30, Completed, Northern Sydney Local Health District | Recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=110, Active, not recruiting, University of Oklahoma | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Feb 2025

P2, N=194, Active, not recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 --> Oct 2025

P2, N=45, Not yet recruiting, European Institute of Oncology

P1/2, N=101, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025

In this article, we enumerated three major groups, including tumour microenvironment, peripheral circulation, and gene mutation, which covered the current main research directions. In the future, we hope those biomarkers may be used to guide the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma.

Our analyses demonstrated the DFS and OS benefits of adjuvant ICIs for high-risk MIUC. Furthermore, patients with bladder cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy appeared to be the optimal candidates for adjuvant ICIs regarding prolonged DFS. Adjuvant ICIs are the standard of care for high-risk MIUC, and differential clinical behaviors and efficacy will enrich clinical decision-making.

P2, N=11, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 --> Jul 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Jul 2024

P3, N=560, Recruiting, Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=80, Not yet recruiting, American University of Beirut Medical Center

P2, N=210, Active, not recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=0, Withdrawn, Georgetown University | N=28 --> 0 | Recruiting --> Withdrawn

P2, N=70, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University

P1/2, N=124, Recruiting, Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=79, Terminated, Grupo Espanol de Tumores Neuroendocrinos | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Nov 2024 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Nov 2024; In compliance with current legislation applicable to Clinical Trials, following the instructions of the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products.

P=N/A, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medi

P4, N=78, Not yet recruiting, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang; The Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang

P4, N=97, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital); The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital)

P3, N=404, Recruiting, Jilin Cancer Hospital; Jilin Cancer Hospital

P3, N=202, Not yet recruiting, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; West China Hospital of Sichuan University

P2, N=30, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

P2, N=27, Not yet recruiting, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; West China Hospital of Sichuan University

P2, N=61, Not yet recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

P2, N=31, Not yet recruiting, The First Hospital of China Medical University; The First Hospital of China Medical University

P2, N=68, Not yet recruiting, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital

P2, N=57, Recruiting, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

P1, N=150, Recruiting, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital

P2, N=36, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=208, Not yet recruiting, Western Sydney Local Health District

P3, N=205, Active, not recruiting, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Feb 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Feb 2026

P2, N=21, Not yet recruiting, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research

P3, N=595, Completed, Hoffmann-La Roche | Active, not recruiting --> Completed