AFP elevation

We emphasize the importance of integrating tumor marker levels with imaging and histopathology for a multimodal diagnostic approach. Further research is needed to validate these associations to better define the role of biomarkers in HCC management.

Mendelian randomization analyses further supported a protective effect of higher RDH16 expression against HCC risk. These findings identify RDH16 as an immune-modulating biomarker in HCC, highlighting its potential role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment and suggesting new avenues for personalized immunotherapeutic strategies.

Clinical and histopathologic factors consistently associated with NTR across studies include larger tumor size, multiple tumors, elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels, underlying liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, microvascular invasion, and satellite nodules-features that reflect aggressive tumor biology and impaired hepatic reserve. Improved preoperative risk stratification and identification of patients at high risk for NTR is essential to inform optimal treatment selection.

Targeted therapy with avapritinib and ruxolitinib was initiated but yielded limited response. Given the consistent co-occurrence of KIT mutations in previously reported similar cases, we propose the recognition of a distinct disease entity: ovarian germ cell tumor/mastocytosis with KIT mutations. This report emphasizes the importance of early genetic profiling and multidisciplinary collaboration in diagnosing and managing rare, genetically unified malignancies in pediatric oncology.

Although subsequent immunohistochemistry classified the case into the unfavorable prognostic subgroup, an individualized treatment strategy including three-drug combination chemotherapy based on the clinical suspicion of gastric cancer, targeted therapy with Apatinib, and localized radiotherapy, resulted in a remarkably long overall survival of 58 months...This case demonstrates that for CUP confined to lymph nodes, active and precisely reasoned individualized treatment can significantly improve prognosis, even in cases categorized as having an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of immunohistochemistry for the accurate diagnosis of CUP and suggests that promoting precision medicine strategies may improve outcomes for these patients.

Addition of AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP to biannual US did not improve early-stage HCC detection. The trial was not adequately powered to provide evidence that the use of BMs aside from US plus AFP improves HCC surveillance. Establishing and validating alternative approaches to incorporation of BMs may improve surveillance methods for early-stage HCC detection.

Cardiac metastases from testicular cancer may first present with neurological or cardiovascular symptoms. Right-sided secondary cardiac tumors may be silent, whereas left-sided involvement may cause embolic events.

P2, N=30, Recruiting, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital

P2, N=30, Recruiting, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital

Surveillance imaging in this cohort of children and adults with Fontan circulation identified hepatocellular neoplasms in patients as young as 15 years old. MRI detected most lesions, AFP was often normal in HCC, and substantial imaging overlap between HCAs and HCCs reinforces the need for multidisciplinary review to guide diagnosis and management.

Primary hepatic EST is an infrequent but important differential diagnosis of HCC, particularly in young women without cirrhosis who present with markedly elevated AFP levels. Early biopsy confirmation and multidisciplinary management are essential, as this chemosensitive tumor may achieve long-term survival with timely systemic treatment.

AFP-producing colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases can masquerade as HCC, particularly in patients with underlying liver disease. This case underscores the need for histological confirmation of atypical hepatic lesions to avoid misdiagnosis. Awareness of this rare entity and careful clinical reasoning are crucial to guide appropriate management and highlight pitfalls in diagnostic practice.