Osteosarcoma

In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) and PD-L1 siRNA were initially loaded into ZIF-8 to synthesize highly stable nanocomplex RNA-DOX@ZIF-8 (RDZ)...Furthermore, in a murine osteosarcoma recurrence model, Gel@RDZ exhibited optimal immune cell infiltration, substantially reduced tumor recurrence, and markedly enhanced the tumor-killing efficacy of CD8+ T cells. Therefore, the development of a multifunctional hydrogel system (Gel@RDZ) provides a comprehensive treatment for postoperative maxillofacial osteosarcoma.

Taken together, these results indicate that Anwulignan is a potential antitumor and analgesic agent that exerts its effects via upregulation of PPARα expression to inhibit the expression of CXCR2 and could be used for treating BCP.

The gene functional enrichment analysis of DEGs enabled the identification of interaction networks in osteosarcoma, thereby revealing potential biomarkers. Moreover, the elucidated co-participation of TTX-sensitive NaVs and MMP-2 in facilitating migration and invasion suggests their suitability as novel prognostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma. Additionally, this study introduces a model delineating the potential interaction mechanism among ion channels, MMP-2, and other crucial factors in the metastatic cascade of osteosarcoma.

Eight of 15 patients with available treatment history received denosumab before a diagnosis of malignancy...Most patients were treated with chemotherapy; 1 patient (PD-L1 TPS >95%) was treated with pembrolizumab, with complete clinical response of metastatic disease at 2.5 years. In conclusion, malignant giant cell tumors of bone typically arise from long bones, harbor osteosarcomatous and/or chondrosarcomatous differentiation, and show significant risk for distant metastasis and demise. Our data suggest that copy number analysis may be useful in distinguishing malignant giant cell tumors of bone from their conventional, atypical, and metastasizing conventional counterparts.

This study provides valuable data into the immunohistochemical characteristics of the cell populations in feline GCTBs, enhancing veterinarians' and pathologists' knowledge for its diagnosis, ultimately improving patient care. Larger case series, complete with follow-up information, molecular analyses for specific mutations, and imaging of both tumors and patients, are needed to improve identification and achieve greater sensitivity in diagnosing this unique tumor.

Recent advancements in understanding EMT in osteosarcoma have opened new avenues for treatment, including EMT inhibitors and combination therapies aimed at overcoming drug resistance. By integrating biological insights with clinical implications, this review underscores the importance of EMT as a critical process in osteosarcoma progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Molecular tests reveal GNAS and TP53 mutations. Knowledge of LSMFT and its typical radiological appearance with heterogeneous histopathological findings-especially in small biopsies-are key to preventing the misdiagnosis and overtreatment of affected patients.

The study suggested that a high level of AAMRGs might serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and offers a potential explanation for the role of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in cancer. The five biomarkers (CD36, CLDN11, EPYC, PANX3, and STOM) were screened to construct an AAMRGs risk model with prognostic value, providing a new reference for the prognosis and treatment of osteosarcoma.

P1/2, N=36, Recruiting, University of Florida | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

In conclusion, our study has uncovered the importance of TRGs in defining distinct subtypes of OS with different survival outcomes and immune contexts. The telomere-related signature we developed may serve as a valuable tool for prognosis prediction and could inform future therapeutic strategies targeting the TME in OS.

Pulmonary metastases are delayed and less frequent than in long-bone osteosarcomas. The overall survival rate at five years is about 70%.

Additionally, it transitions tumor-associated macrophages from M2 to an M1 phenotype, thereby augmenting tumor immunity. Overall, Combo-NPs@shGNE offers a promising method for transforming tumors into personalized autologous vaccines, potentially advancing cancer treatment strategies.

Tumors found in these animals consisted of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a plasma cell tumor, an osteosarcoma, and three sarcomas. Because of their declining population trend and efforts of reintroduction, knowledge about diseases is imperative, especially, if there might be a genetic influence, which could hinder the success of conservation efforts.

Targeting AL031775.1 represents a promising approach to improve immunotherapy efficacy in osteosarcoma. These findings provide critical insights into the molecular regulation of T-cell exhaustion and suggest a new avenue for therapeutic intervention.

P=N/A, N=70, Recruiting, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

What's more, ghrelin increases the resistance of cis-platinum by changing mitochondrial function and decreases the expression of MDR-1. Above all, these results demonstrated ghrelin exerts tumorigenic and metastatic effects and may be a potential therapeutic target.

Our study demonstrated that HQI, particularly its active component CG, holds potential as a therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma. The primary mechanism underlying its anti-osteosarcoma effects involves modulating the immune response and targeting CTSL. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of HQI as a novel immunomodulatory therapy for osteosarcoma.

P1, N=40, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1, N=30, Active, not recruiting, University of Iowa | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 --> Aug 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Mar 2025

Overall, the results reveal that OCDMs enhance the M2 polarization of macrophages in the TME to aggravate OS progression via MFGE8. These findings may guide the development of OCDM-modulating OS therapies.

These results demonstrated KDM5B as a synthetic lethal factor of KMT2D-loss mutation. Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for treating KMT2D mutated osteosarcoma by targeting KDM5B.

We propose that METTL3 constitutes a risk gene in these conditions by mediating m6A modifications on both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs, suggesting that METTL3 may serve as a critical diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. In conclusion, this review provides an extensive analysis of METTL3 and its correlation with osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma, offering valuable perspectives on extant research and serving as a valuable reference for researchers engaged in both basic and translational studies.

P1/2, N=27, Not yet recruiting, University of Florida | Initiation date: Feb 2025 --> Jun 2025

Importantly, AIL impeded OS growth and metastasis in vivo by regulating RGS4 and TWIST1. Ailanthone restrained OS growth and metastasis by decreasing RGS4 and TWIST1 expression.

P=N/A, N=1500, Recruiting, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025

Mechanistically, SB suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Ak strain transforming protein (AKT), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation in TNBC cells. In conclusion, SB treatment impairs the cell aggressiveness of TNBC and blocks ERK/AKT/STAT5 signaling in TNBC cells.

P=N/A, N=10, Recruiting, Montefiore Medical Center | Trial completion date: Dec 2029 --> Dec 2028

Our findings identify for the first time that CtBP2 acts as a required critical inducing factor in the CYR61-related metastatic progression of osteosarcoma, by favoring cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, we demonstrate that while CtBP2 is a downstream transcriptional target of CYR61 signaling cascade, it occurs only under non-hypoxic conditions. The present study suggests that CtBP2 may represent a potential pivotal target for therapeutic management of metastases spreading in osteosarcoma.

P=N/A, N=120, Not yet recruiting, Society of Interventional Oncology

P2, N=63, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

In a mouse xenograft model, HF10xCD3 administration exhibited significant anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, HF10xCD3 represents a promising candidate for immunotherapy targeting solid tumors.

Blood tests were not performed in the remaining 12 patients. Referrals for patients with osteosarcoma at our facility and related facilities were well documented, ensuring informative content and adequate medical coordination.

In vivo xenograft experiments further confirmed that the METTL3/TGF-β1 axis significantly promotes tumor growth in osteosarcoma by mediating the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets for treating advanced stages of this malignancy.

P=N/A, N=300, Recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Feb 2025 --> Feb 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2025 --> Feb 2026

Herein we describe the clinical and genetic findings in three individuals with molecularly substantiated RECQL4-related RTS. Based on the disease course of two patients with osteosarcoma, we highlight the critical importance of early diagnosis.

It was found that Icariside II competitively inhibits PGK1 by binding to its ADP binding pocket, reducing its activity and thus antagonizing the miR-194/215 cluster's promotion of EMT in metastatic osteosarcoma. The results suggest that Icariside II could be a promising therapeutic agent for metastatic osteosarcoma, providing new targets and strategies for clinical treatment.

Our findings highlight the interplay between glycolysis and immune cell infiltration in disease prognosis. This model provides insights for targeted therapies and a foundation for further research into osteosarcoma treatment.

Bioinformatics analyses suggested that USF1 or SP1 regulates APEX1 transcription and its recruitment in DNA damage response pathways, affecting OS cell proliferation. Thus, high APEX1 expression in OS facilitates cell proliferation likely via CD31, and USF1 or SP1 may regulate APEX1 transcription and its recruitment in DNA damage response pathways.

NAA40 contributes to OS development and progression by epigenetically regulating AGR2 expression.

Despite the improved knowledge of cancer biology, the core determinants of cisplatin (DDP) resistance in osteosarcoma remain unclear and deserve further exploration. It is found that Lomitapide exhibits a significant synergistic anti-osteosarcoma effect when combined with DDP. In conclusion, a specific role of RFWD3 in regulating nucleotide metabolism is revealed and comprised of targetable candidates for overcoming chemoresistance in osteosarcoma.

Finally, immunoassays showed a significant correlation between ITGAV expression and the infiltration level of various immune cells, further clarifying the critical role of ITGAV in the tumor immune microenvironment. Our results elucidated the importance of ITGAV in the prognostic assessment, early diagnosis, and targeted immunotherapy of digestive system cancers, and revealed its multifaceted role in regulating cancer progression.