Ocular Melanoma

Both the BM-MSCs and tumor cells exhibited altered secretory profiles after sEV treatment. The in vitro findings provide cumulative evidence that sEV-mediated interactions contribute to a tumor-supportive milieu or premetastatic niche at the BM in Rb.

Genetic testing identified a KMT2D gene mutation, confirming a diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome. Her left eye is developing normally with no structural abnormalities.

P=N/A, N=100, Recruiting, University of Washington | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

Analysis of microRNA expression levels in the blood plasma of CM patients can be used to assess the effectiveness of brachytherapy and to monitor patients within the framework of lifelong follow-up.

Photodynamic therapy is currently considered the preferred treatment in symptomatic cases.Choroidal metastases represent the most prevalent intraocular malignancies, with a primary origin in breast or lung carcinoma. Multimodal imaging is essential for diagnosis and monitoring, and management requires interdisciplinary coordination.A structured multimodal diagnostic approach is crucial for accurate classification, risk assessment, and individualized therapeutic planning in patients with choroidal tumors.

P2, N=160, Active, not recruiting, IDEAYA Biosciences | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=210, Active, not recruiting, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P1, N=25, Recruiting, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2026 --> Nov 2027 | Trial completion date: Nov 2027 --> Nov 2028

Seven patients had a significant reduction of the residual mass and no tumor progression, and 3 patients did not respond to the treatment and died from the disease progression. CoM mostly occurs in the unilateral eye of middle-aged and elderly patients, more common at the bulbar conjunctiva and fornix conjunctiva, and histopathological epithelial cell types are the main types, with a high recurrence and metastasis rate.

P=N/A, N=10, Recruiting, Massachusetts General Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

The vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic. Optimization of vaccines that include agonistic CD40 antibody is needed to enhance immunogenicity. Induction of a multifunctional CD4+ T cell response to mBRAF supports targeting shared mutated neoantigens with melanoma vaccines.

These advances underscore the growing role of molecular diagnostics in improving accuracy, guiding prognostication, and refining the classification of rare ocular tumors. As high-throughput techniques continue to mature, integration with evolving spatial and single-cell-based approaches promises to expand our understanding and further personalize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.