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BIOMARKER:

NRAS mutation

i
Other names: NRAS1, HRAS1, N-Ras Protein Part 4, Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog, NRAS, Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog, NRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase
Entrez ID:
Related biomarkers:
Related tests:
1d
Study of Efficacy and Safety of LXH254 Combinations in Patients With Previously Treated Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=134, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: Apr 2024 --> Jul 2024
Trial completion date • Metastases
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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NRAS mutation • BRAF V600
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Mekinist (trametinib) • Kisqali (ribociclib) • naporafenib (ERAS-254) • rineterkib (LTT462)
2d
A proof-of-concept study of sequential treatment with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat following BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAFV600mutated melanoma. (PubMed, Clin Cancer Res)
Intermittent treatment with vorinostat in patients with resistant BRAFV600mutated melanoma is well tolerated. Although the primary endpoint of this study was not met, durable anti-tumor responses were observed in a minority of patients (9%).
Journal
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3)
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BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600
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Zolinza (vorinostat)
8d
Pathologic characteristics of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms. (PubMed, Blood Res)
There are frequent genomic alterations in these neoplasms, especially in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, including BRAF (notably BRAF V600E), MAP2K1, KRAS, and NRAS mutations, and ALK gene translocation.This review aims to offer a comprehensive and updated overview of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, focusing on their ontogeny, morphological aspects, immunophenotypic profiles, and molecular genetics. This comprehensive approach is essential for accurately differentiating and classifying neoplasms according to the updated WHO classification.
Review • Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • CD123 (Interleukin 3 Receptor Subunit Alpha) • CD163 (CD163 Molecule) • PTPRC (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C) • CD68 (CD68 Molecule) • IL3RA (Interleukin 3 Receptor Subunit Alpha) • SPN (Sialophorin) • CR1 (Complement C3b/C4b Receptor 1) • FCER2 (Fc Fragment Of IgE Receptor II)
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BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • ALK translocation
9d
NRASQ61R mutation drives elevated angiopoietin-2 expression in human endothelial cells and a genetic mouse model. (PubMed, Pediatr Blood Cancer)
Our studies show that the NRASQ61R mutation in endothelial cells induces Ang-2 expression in vitro and in vivo. In cultured human endothelial cells, NRASQ61R drives elevated Ang-2 through MAP kinase and mTOR-dependent signaling pathways.
Preclinical • Journal
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ANGPT2 (Angiopoietin 2)
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NRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS wild-type • NRAS Q61R • ANG elevation • ANGPT2 expression
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Mekinist (trametinib) • sirolimus
9d
KRAS Allelic Variants in Biliary Tract Cancers. (PubMed, JAMA Netw Open)
This cohort study found that KRAS allelic variants were relatively common and may be potentially actionable genomic alterations in patients with BTCs, especially perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The findings add to the growing data on genomic and immune landscapes of KRAS allelic variants in BTCs and are potentially of value to the planning of specific therapies for this heterogeneous patient group.
Retrospective data • Journal • Tumor mutational burden • MSi-H Biomarker
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HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • IFNG (Interferon, gamma)
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KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • NRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12V • TMB-L • KRAS G12 • NRAS Q61 • KRAS Q61H • NRAS G12D
9d
Exploring the Relationship Between KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations and Clinical Characteristics in Iranian Colorectal Cancer Patients. (PubMed, J Gastrointest Cancer)
The study's findings indicate a rising frequency of mutations in these genes in Iran, highlighting the need to screening mutations in the main exons of all three genes for effective colorectal cancer treatment strategies.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12 • NRAS Q61 • KRAS Q61H • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G12D • BRAF amplification • BRAF exon 15 mutation
10d
A case of hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid: diagnostic significance of PAX8-GLIS3 fusion. (PubMed, Thyroid Res)
A rare case of HTT was demonstrated through imaging, cytologic, histologic and molecular investigations. PAX8-GLIS3 fusion detected by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing was confirmed to be a genetic hallmark of HTT.
Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • PAX8 (Paired box 8)
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BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • RET fusion
15d
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel quindoline derivatives with fork-shaped side chains as RNA G-quadruplex stabilizers for repressing oncogene NRAS translation. (PubMed, Eur J Med Chem)
Panels of experimental results showed that introducing a fork-shaped (alkylamino)alkoxy side chain could enhance the stabilizing abilities of the ligands against NRAS RNA G-quadruplexes and their anti-melanoma activities. One of them, 10b, exhibited good antitumor activity in the NRAS-mutant melanoma xenograft mouse model, showing the therapeutic potential of this kind of compounds.
Journal
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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NRAS mutation
15d
Clinical and genomic landscape of RAS mutations in gynecologic cancers. (PubMed, Clin Cancer Res)
RAS mutations in gynecologic cancers have a distinct histopathologic distribution and may impact overall survival. PIK3CA, PTEN, and ARID1A are potentially actionable co-alterations. RAS pathway-targeted therapy should be considered.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS G12D • PTEN mutation • ARID1A mutation • KRAS G12V • RAS mutation • KRAS G12 • NRAS G12D • NRAS G12
15d
Immunotherapy in the Management of Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg)
ICI therapy can be an effective in select SNMM patients, especially those with advanced/metastatic disease.
Review • Journal • IO biomarker
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)
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BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KIT mutation
16d
The genomic profiling of high-risk smoldering myeloma patients treated with an intensive strategy unveils potential markers of resistance and progression. (PubMed, Blood Cancer J)
Importantly, novel potential predictors of treatment resistance were identified: NRAS mutations and the co-occurrence of t(4;14) plus FGFR3 mutations were associated with an increased risk of biological progression. In conclusion, we have carried out for the first time a molecular characterization of HR SMM patients treated with an intensive regimen, identifying genomic predictors of poor outcomes in this setting.
Clinical Trial,Phase II • Journal
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • TENT5C (Terminal Nucleotidyltransferase 5C)
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NRAS mutation • FGFR3 mutation • Chr t(4;14) • TENT5C mutation
20d
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with GATA2 Gene Mutation (PubMed, Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi)
GATA2 mutation is more common in AML patients with normal karyotype and low-risk cytogenetic stratification, and it is significantly associated with CEBPAdm and NRAS co-mutations. The prognostic significance of GATA2 is influenced by CEBPAdm. The choice of "3+7" or "DCAG" induction regimen in patients with GATA2 mutation does not affect their CR rate, while the choice of allo-HSCT can significantly improved the prognosis compared with chemotherapy only.
Retrospective data • Journal
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FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • NPM1 (Nucleophosmin 1) • ASXL1 (ASXL Transcriptional Regulator 1) • TET2 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) • WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor) • GATA2 (GATA Binding Protein 2)
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NRAS mutation • GATA2 mutation
23d
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, genetics, risk stratification, and management. (PubMed, Am J Hematol)
Most commonly used agents include hydroxyurea, interferon, Janus kinase inhibitors, and hypomethylating agents, though none are disease-modifying. Actionable mutations (NRAS/KRAS, ETNK1) have also been identified, supporting novel agents targeting involved pathways. Preclinical and clinical studies evaluating new drugs (e.g., fedratinib, phase 2) and combinations are detailed.
Review • Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • ASXL1 (ASXL Transcriptional Regulator 1) • TET2 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) • SRSF2 (Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2) • CSF3R (Colony Stimulating Factor 3 Receptor) • U2AF1 (U2 Small Nuclear RNA Auxiliary Factor 1) • CEBPA (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha) • SETBP1 (SET Binding Protein 1) • ETNK1 (Ethanolamine Kinase 1)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • ASXL1 mutation • TET2 mutation • EZH2 mutation • SRSF2 mutation • U2AF1 mutation • CSF3R T618I • CSF3R mutation • ETNK1 mutation
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hydroxyurea • Inrebic (fedratinib)
25d
Sequential RAS mutations evaluation in cell-free DNA of patients with tissue RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: the PERSEIDA (Cohort 2) study. (PubMed, Clin Transl Oncol)
The concordance rate between liquid and solid biopsies at baseline was very high, as previously reported, while our results suggest a considerable emergence of RAS mutations during disease progression. Thus, the dynamics of the genomic landscape in ctDNA may provide relevant information for the management of mCRC patients.
Journal • Metastases
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EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • RAS wild-type • BRAF mutation + EGFR mutation
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Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test
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Vectibix (panitumumab)
26d
Crystal structure of NRAS Q61K with a ligand-induced pocket near switch II. (PubMed, Eur J Cell Biol)
This observation reveals a binding site that can potentially be exploited for development of inhibitors against mutant NRAS. Furthermore, the well-resolved catalytic site of this GTPase bound to native GTP provides insight into the stalled GTP hydrolysis observed for NRAS-Q61K.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • NRAS Q61K • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R • KRAS Q61K
27d
Poor prognosis of SRSF2 gene mutations in patients treated with VEN-AZA for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. (PubMed, Leuk Res)
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Spliceosome mutations in patients treated with Venetoclax and Azacitidine for newly diagnosed AML. This negative prognostic impact remained true in our multivariate analysis. We believe this finding should warrant further studies aimed at overcoming this negative impact.
Journal
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • SF3B1 (Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 1) • SRSF2 (Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2) • U2AF1 (U2 Small Nuclear RNA Auxiliary Factor 1) • ZRSR2 (Zinc Finger CCCH-Type, RNA Binding Motif And Serine/Arginine Rich 2)
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NRAS mutation • SF3B1 mutation • SRSF2 mutation • U2AF1 mutation
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • azacitidine
30d
NF1-Driven Rhabdomyosarcoma Phenotypes: A Comparative Clinical and Molecular Study of NF1-Mutant Rhabdomyosarcoma and NF1-Associated Malignant Triton Tumor. (PubMed, JCO Precis Oncol)
Patients with NF1-mutant ERMS lacking TP53 alterations may benefit from dose-reduction chemotherapy. On the basis of the diagnostic challenges and significant treatment and prognostic differences, molecular profiling of challenging tumors with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation is recommended.
Journal
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TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • CDKN2B (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B)
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TP53 mutation • NRAS mutation
1m
Efficacy of Regorafenib and Trifluridine/Tipiracil According to Extended RAS Evaluation in Advanced Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. (PubMed, Target Oncol)
Our data demonstrate that RAS mutations do not affect outcome in rego-treated patients as well as TFD/TPI-treated patients. Nevertheless, a trend toward a higher efficacy of rego in RAS-mutated (in particular codon 12, rare RAS mutations, and G12D) patients has been recorded. The rego-TFD/TPI sequence seems to be superior to the reverse sequence in patients carrying an RAS codon 12 mutation, although the impact of other factors as disease burden or performance status cannot be excluded.
Retrospective data • Journal • Metastases
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS wild-type • RAS mutation • RAS wild-type • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G12D • NRAS G12
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Stivarga (regorafenib) • Lonsurf (trifluridine/tipiracil)
1m
Targeted DNA Sequencing of Cutaneous Melanoma Identifies Prognostic and Predictive Alterations. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
NRAS mutation in CMs correlated with significantly worse overall survival. Elevated TMB was associated with increased progression-free survival for patients treated with a combination of dual ICI, supporting the potential utility of TMB as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in melanoma.
Journal • Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1)
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TMB-H • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • TMB-L • NF1 mutation
1m
Histological interpretation of spitzoid tumours: an extensive machine learning-based concordance analysis for improving decision making. (PubMed, Histopathology)
Our results show promise in supporting the histological classification of these tumours in clinical practice, and provide valuable insight into the use of ML to improve the accuracy and objectivity of this process while minimising interobserver variability. These proposed algorithms represent a potential solution to the lack of a clear threshold for the Spitz/spitzoid tumour classification, and its high accuracy supports its usefulness as a helpful tool to improve diagnostic decision-making.
Journal • Machine learning • Discordant
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • NRAS mutation + BRAF mutation
1m
Organ Involvement in Adults with BPDCN is Associated with Sun Exposure History, TET2 and RAS Mutations, and Survival. (PubMed, Blood Adv)
In summary, BPDCN clinical characteristics are associated with disease genetics and survival. These data are useful to estimate prognosis for individual patients and may indicate informative subtyping of BPDCN.
Journal
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • TET2 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • TET2 mutation
1m
Differential landscape of immune evasion in oncogenic RAS-driven primary and metastatic colorectal cancers. (PubMed, Mol Ther Oncol)
KRAS and NRAS mutations are associated with increased neutrophil infiltration, with codon-specific differences. These results demonstrate significant differences in the TIME of RAS mutant CRC that match previous reports of immunoevasive characteristics of such tumors.
Journal • Tumor mutational burden • MSi-H Biomarker • Metastases
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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KRAS mutation • TMB-H • MSI-H/dMMR • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • RAS wild-type
1m
Epidemiological and clinicopathological features of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations and MSI in Chinese patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore))
The results illustrate the mutation frequencies of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and MSI status in stage I-III CRC from the eastern region of China. These findings further validate the associations between these genes status and various clinicopathological characteristics.
Journal • MSi-H Biomarker
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation
1m
Concurrent inhibition of oncogenic and wild-type RAS-GTP for cancer therapy. (PubMed, Nature)
Here we describe RMC-7977, a reversible, tri-complex RAS inhibitor with broad-spectrum activity for the active state of both mutant and wild-type KRAS, NRAS and HRAS variants (a RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor). Thus, RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitors can target multiple oncogenic and wild-type RAS isoforms and have the potential to treat a wide range of RAS-addicted cancers with high unmet clinical need. A related RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor, RMC-6236, is currently under clinical evaluation in patients with KRAS-mutant solid tumours (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05379985).
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • HRAS mutation • NRAS wild-type • HRAS G12C • HRAS wild-type
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RMC-6236 • RMC-7977
1m
The Abundance of KRAS and RAS Gene Mutations in Cancer. (PubMed, Methods Mol Biol)
These groups also estimate KRAS mutations occur in 11-14% of all human cancers. Although these estimates are lower than many commonly encountered values, these estimates continue to rank KRAS and the ensemble of RAS oncogenes among the most common genetic drivers of cancer across all forms of malignancy.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation
1m
The RAS-signaling-pathway-mutation-related prognosis in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from South China children's leukemia group. (PubMed, Hematol Oncol)
Four cases relapsed in the lately 3 years were RAS signaling pathway mutation-positive. RAS signaling pathway mutation is an important biomarker for poorer relapse-free survival in pediatric B-ALL patients despite good early MRD levels.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • PTPN11 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11) • CREBBP (CREB binding protein)
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NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • CREBBP mutation
1m
Trial completion date
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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NRAS mutation
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Mektovi (binimetinib)
1m
Somatic gene mutation patterns and burden influence outcomes with enasidenib in relapsed/refractory IDH2-mutated AML. (PubMed, Leuk Res)
In multivariable analyses, RAS and RTK pathway mutations were significantly associated with decreased overall survival, after adjusting for treatment arm, IDH2 variant, and mutational burden. Importantly, enasidenib-mediated survival benefit was more pronounced in patients with IDH2-R172 variants.
Journal • Tumor mutational burden
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TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 1) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1)
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NRAS mutation • IDH2 mutation • DNMT3A mutation • TMB-L • IDH2 R140 • IDH2 R172
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Idhifa (enasidenib)
1m
Assessing melanoma prognosis: the interplay between patient profiles, survival, and BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and TWT mutations in a retrospective multi-study analysis. (PubMed, Melanoma Res)
Patients with heavier versus lower weights had lower mortality risk, which was more pronounced for BRAF-mutated patients. These relationships highlight the importance of demographic and pathologic relationships to aid in risk assessment and personalize treatment plans.
Retrospective data • Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)
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BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KIT mutation • NRAS wild-type
2ms
Role of Surgery in Metastatic Melanoma and Review of Melanoma Molecular Characteristics. (PubMed, Cells)
This was performed in the context of metastatic melanoma and the role of metastasectomy in the metastatic melanoma population. A comprehensive review of these molecular characteristics is presented with a focus on their prognosis and role in surgical metastasectomy.
Review • Journal • Surgery • Metastases
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EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • MITF (Melanocyte Inducing Transcription Factor)
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TP53 mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PTEN mutation • NF1 mutation
2ms
Determination of the Prevalence of Microsatellite Instability, BRAF and KRAS/NRAS Mutation Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Slovakia. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
We identified 4 MSI-high samples, 39 KRAS/NRAS mutations, and 5 BRAF p.V600E mutations, with one case of coexistence of all three markers in a single tumor sample. We also evaluated possible relationships between biomarkers, their coexistence, and the age and sex of the studied population.
Journal • Microsatellite instability • MSi-H Biomarker
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600
2ms
Different oncogenes and reproductive histories shape the progression of distinct premalignant clones in multistage mouse breast cancer models. (PubMed, Am J Pathol)
However, parity decreased the overall prevalence of tumors bearing Krasmut, and the magnitude of this decrease depended on both the number and timing of pregnancies. These multistage models may be useful for elucidating biological features of premalignant mammary neoplasia.
Preclinical • Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MYC (V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA H1047R • RAS mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • MYC expression • NRAS Q61L • KRAS Q61L
2ms
Ultraviolet Radiation Biological and Medical Implications. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol)
UV radiation plays a significant role in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) development by causing mutations in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which dysregulates cell proliferation and survival. UV radiation can also induce the development of squamous cell carcinoma via mutations in the TP53 gene and upregulation of MMPs in the stroma layer of the skin.
Review • Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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TP53 mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation
2ms
MEK Inhibitor FCN-159 To Treat Advanced Melanoma With NRAS-aberrant (Ia) and NRAS-mutant (Ib)or NF1-mutant(1b) (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=79, Suspended, Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd. | Phase classification: P1a/1b --> P1 | N=37 --> 79 | Trial completion date: Mar 2023 --> Apr 2024 | Recruiting --> Suspended | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2022 --> Apr 2023
Phase classification • Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial suspension • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1)
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NRAS mutation
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FCN-159
2ms
Evolution of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in the Molecular Era with Histogenetic Implications. (PubMed, Adv Anat Pathol)
The GCTs are remarkably sensitive to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy; however, resistance to cisplatin develops in up to 8% of tumors and appears to be driven by TP53/MDM2 gene mutations...The mechanisms underlying the development of most tumors have been elucidated; however, additional studies are required to pinpoint the events directing specific characteristics. Advances in identifying specific molecular markers have been seen recently and may be adopted as gold standards in the future.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • MDM2 (E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) • POU5F1 (POU Class 5 Homeobox 1)
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TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • KIT mutation • MDM2 mutation
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cisplatin
2ms
Prognostic implications of cGAS and STING gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia. (PubMed, Exp Biol Med (Maywood))
Our findings revealed that the expression levels of cGAS and STING in AML are elevated. High expression of cGAS and STING correlated with worse OS and DFS and may be a useful biomarker for inferior prognosis in AML patients.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • STING (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) • CGAS (Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS expression
2ms
The frequency of NRAS mutation in stool samples of Iranian colorectal cancers compared to Finnish patients. (PubMed, J Res Med Sci)
Mutations in NRAS and FGFR3 were observed only in the Iranian cohort, while APC mutations were exclusive for the Finnish cohort. Genes involved in MAPK and PI3K-MAPK pathways showed a higher frequency of mutations in Iranian patients which may have therapeutic implications.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) • STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11) • AKT1 (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) • SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) • FBXW7 (F-Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7) • APC (APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway) • ERBB4 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4)
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TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • STK11 mutation • KIT mutation • APC mutation • AKT1 mutation
2ms
Melanoma on congenital melanocytic nevi. (PubMed, Pathol Res Pract)
Melanomas developed on CMNi harbour additional molecular alterations to which the aggressive clinical course of these tumors has been attributed. This review covers the distinctive clinical and pathological aspects of melanomas on CMNi, and includes the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical and dermoscopic presentation, histological and molecular characteristics, as well as tumour behaviour.
Review • Journal
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NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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NRAS mutation
2ms
Enrollment open • Metastases
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EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4)
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KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF wild-type • SMAD4 mutation
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Erbitux (cetuximab) • 5-fluorouracil • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium • Enweida (envafolimab)
2ms
Genetic alterations in myeloid sarcoma among acute myeloid leukemia patients: insights from 37 cohort studies and a meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
This meta-analysis sheds light on the prevalence of genetic mutations in AML patients with MS, providing insights into the unique characteristics of the mutations and their frequencies. These discoveries are crucial in informing therapeutic and prognostic decisions for individuals with myeloid sarcoma.
Retrospective data • Review
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FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • NPM1 (Nucleophosmin 1) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1) • RUNX1T1 (RUNX1 Partner Transcriptional Co-Repressor 1) • CEBPA (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha)
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NRAS mutation • FLT3-ITD mutation • IDH2 mutation • CEBPA mutation
2ms
Molecular Frontiers in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Advances. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
These advances emphasize the challenges of therapy resistance and the importance of personalized medicine. This review underlines the necessity for evidence-based therapy selection in managing the increasing global incidence of melanoma.
Review • Journal • IO biomarker
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • GNAQ (G Protein Subunit Alpha Q) • GNA11 (G Protein Subunit Alpha 11)
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BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KIT mutation
2ms
Review • Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • NRAS G13