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    BIOMARKER:

    NRAS mutation

    i
    Other names: NRAS1, HRAS1, N-Ras Protein Part 4, Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog, NRAS, Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog, NRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase
    Entrez ID:
    4893
    Related biomarkers:
    Expression
    Mutation
    CNA
    Others
    Related tests:
    1d
    Liquid biopsy-based comprehensive genomic profiling captures tumor heterogeneity and identifies cancer vulnerabilities in patients with RAS/BRAFV600E wild type metastatic colorectal cancer in the CAPRI 2-GOIM trial (AIOM 2024)
    Materials and The phase II CAPRI 2-GOIM trial investigates the efficacy and safety of biomarkerdriven, cetuximab-based, sequence of three treatment lines in mCRC... Baseline plasma-based comprehensive genomic profiling is feasible with high concordance with tissue-based analysis. Liquid biopsy allows identification of misdiagnosed RAS/BRAF alterations and the ultra-selection of pts, which could benefit from anti-EGFR therapies. Finally, potentially actionable gene alterations were found in half of the pts.
    Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Liquid biopsy • Metastases • Biopsy
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • HER-2 amplification • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • PTEN mutation • BRAF wild-type • NF1 mutation • EGFR amplification + ERBB2 amplification
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    FoundationOne® CDx
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    Erbitux (cetuximab)
    2d
    Identification of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Compounds Targeting the NF-κB-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway from a Phytochemical Library of the Sideritis Genus. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol)
    The database established here represents a valuable resource for the screening of bioactivites of the Sideritis genus. The experimental validation of the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of selected compounds proved that virtual drug screening and molecular docking are suitable tools for the identification of putative drug candidates. Verbascoside was among the top 10 compounds binding to two key anti-inflammatory proteins, NLRP3 and NF-kB. Additionally, data from the NCI indicate that verbascoside is not linked to main drug resistance mechanisms.
    Journal
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    NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • NLRP3 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3)
    |
    NRAS mutation
    2d
    KRASG12D-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Clinical, Molecular, Immunologic, and Prognostic Features of a New Emerging Targeted Alteration. (PubMed, JCO Precis Oncol)
    A detail estimation of KRASG12D mut mCRC patients' characteristics and expected outcomes may be useful when planning future studies in this subgroup. The high prevalence of PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway activating alterations may affect the efficacy of targeted strategies.
    Journal • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • BRAF V600 • KRAS G12D • RAS mutation • KRAS G12
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • 5-fluorouracil • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    3d
    Role of Targeted Sequencing in Routine Diagnostics of Spitz Melanocytic Neoplasms-An Analysis of 70 Cases. (PubMed, J Cutan Pathol)
    It is often not possible to reliably distinguish Spitz neoplasms from spitzoid melanocytic tumors without identifying their driver genomic alterations. Applying next-generation sequencing in diagnostically problematic tumors improves diagnostic accuracy.
    Journal
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    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1)
    |
    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS mutation + BRAF mutation
    3d
    A Novel NRAS Variant Near the Splice Junction in Moroccan Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Molecular Dynamics Study. (PubMed, Biochem Genet)
    Our findings suggest that the NRAS p.Arg97Thr variant may disrupt the splicing machinery and functions of the protein, thus playing a vital role in leukemogenesis. In addition, the highly druggable pocket may possibly be studied for its therapeutic implications.
    Journal
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation
    3d
    Cytologic and Molecular Assessment of Isthmus Thyroid Nodules and Carcinomas. (PubMed, Thyroid)
    IF-PTC from the isthmus is molecularly different compared with IF-PTC from the lobes. More data are needed to know if a change in surgical therapy is warranted in isthmic thyroid cancers relative to lobar cancers and if this molecular data should influence isthmic thyroid cancer management and monitoring.
    Journal
    |
    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • SPOP (Speckle Type BTB/POZ Protein) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase) • PAX8 (Paired box 8)
    |
    BRAF V600E • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • RET fusion
    8d
    A prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of dexitabine in maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (ChiCTR2400091166)
    P=N/A, N=40, Not yet recruiting, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
    New trial
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • PTPN11 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • NF1 mutation • PTPN11 mutation • CBL mutation
    12d
    Development and Validation of a Biopsy-Free Scoring System for Screening Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Associated Diseases in Cytopenic Patients (ASH 2024)
    For patients with a probability score < 45%, a bone marrow study may not be needed, with a recommended follow-up every 6–12 months. This comprehensive analysis provides a useful and non-invasive predictive model that enhances diagnostic accuracy which potentially reduces unnecessary procedures.
    Clinical • Biopsy
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • NPM1 (Nucleophosmin 1) • DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 1) • JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1) • SF3B1 (Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 1) • ASXL1 (ASXL Transcriptional Regulator 1) • TET2 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) • PTPN11 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11) • SRSF2 (Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2) • BCOR (BCL6 Corepressor) • U2AF1 (U2 Small Nuclear RNA Auxiliary Factor 1) • CEBPA (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha) • STAG2 (Stromal Antigen 2) • SETBP1 (SET Binding Protein 1) • ZRSR2 (Zinc Finger CCCH-Type, RNA Binding Motif And Serine/Arginine Rich 2)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • IDH2 mutation • NPM1 mutation • ASXL1 mutation • TET2 mutation • SF3B1 mutation • SRSF2 mutation • U2AF1 mutation • STAG2 mutation
    |
    Oncomine Myeloid Research Assay
    12d
    Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias with Foundation One Heme Identifies Actionable Genomic Alterations and Biomarkers (ASH 2024)
    This analysis of 2,637 samples comprising a variety of molecular subtypes of ALL demonstrated that the F1H assay detects pathogenic genomic alterations with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. As both the treatment landscape and disease classification system in ALL have continued to evolve over time, CGP assays such as F1H can play a critical role in clinical decision making by simultaneously assessing the presence and absence of numerous actionable genomic alterations and biomarkers with a single assay.
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • NOTCH1 (Notch 1) • JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1) • KMT2A (Lysine Methyltransferase 2A) • ETV6 (ETS Variant Transcription Factor 6) • CRLF2 (Cytokine Receptor Like Factor 2) • IKZF1 (IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 1) • CDKN2B (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B) • FBXW7 (F-Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7) • PAX5 (Paired Box 5) • TCF3 (Transcription Factor 3) • P2RY8 (P2Y Receptor Family Member 8) • PBX1 (PBX Homeobox 1) • ABL2 (ABL Proto-Oncogene 2, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • PTEN mutation • CDKN2A deletion
    |
    FoundationOne® Heme CDx
    12d
    Genomic Complexity Correlates with the Degree of Marrow Independence of Malignant Plasma Cells in the Context of Extramedullary Disease (ASH 2024)
    Several patients with prior melphalan exposure have SBS99 evident in several biopsies, consistent with single cell expansion from MM cells surviving transplant and subsequently seeding in multiple sites... PMD and EMD demonstrate multiple features of genomic complexity when compared with BM-based myeloma, which include emerging copy number aberrations, mutational burden and complex structural variants. EMD are more complex in general than PMD, while IMD shows only trends to increased genomic aberration compared with BM. Ongoing analyses include an expansion in WGS samples, and correlation of genomic features with clinical response to therapy.
    Tumor mutational burden • BRCA Biomarker
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • BRCA2 (Breast cancer 2, early onset) • DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 1) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • KMT2A (Lysine Methyltransferase 2A) • TET2 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) • SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) • KMT2C (Lysine Methyltransferase 2C) • FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • DNMT3A mutation
    |
    MSK-IMPACT Heme
    |
    melphalan
    13d
    The potential role of next-generation sequencing in identifying MET amplification and disclosing resistance mechanisms in NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    The known resistance mechanisms, including MET amplification, EGFR (C797S, L718Q/R), TP53, CDK4, CDK6, CDKN2A, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutations were also disclosed in our cohort. NGS assay can achieve a high concordance with FISH in MET amplification detection and has advantages in portraying various genetic alterations, which is of worthy in clinical promotion.
    Journal • Next-generation sequencing
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • NRG1 (Neuregulin 1) • CDK4 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 4) • CDK6 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 6) • CYP3A4 (Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4)
    |
    TP53 mutation • EGFR mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • MET amplification • EGFR T790M • EGFR C797S • EGFR L718Q • BRAF amplification • EGFR C797S + MET amplification
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    Tagrisso (osimertinib)
    14d
    Mitochondrial Proteome Defined Molecular Pathological Characteristics of Oncocytic Thyroid Tumors. (PubMed, Endocr Pathol)
    Moreover, IDH2 is significantly overexpressed in OCA compared to OA highlighting its potential as a biomarker for differential diagnosis of oncocytic tumors and malignancy. These findings improve the understanding of oncocytic thyroid tumors molecular pathology and suggest IDH2 as a valuable marker for clinical management.
    Journal
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    NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) • EZH2 (Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) • EIF1AX (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1A X-Linked)
    |
    NRAS mutation • HRAS mutation • TERT mutation • TERT promoter mutation
    17d
    Non-small cell lung carcinoma with co-expression of TTF1 and p40: a clinicopathological analysis of six cases (PubMed, Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi)
    NSCLC with co-expression of p40 and TTF1 exhibits distinct clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, molecular alterations, and clinical outcomes, characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Pathologists should be vigilant in recognizing this entity to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
    Journal
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    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • EML4 (EMAP Like 4) • TTF1 (Transcription Termination Factor 1) • NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1)
    |
    EGFR mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • ALK mutation • NKX2-1 expression • TTF1 expression
    17d
    Extracellular vesicles powered cancer immunotherapy: Targeted delivery of adenovirus-based cancer vaccine in humanized melanoma model. (PubMed, J Control Release)
    This study explores the potential of EVs for the selective delivery of cancer vaccines against malignancies, such as NRAS melanoma. Overall, this research could pave the way for applying autologous EVs as a safe and efficacious tool for targeted cancer therapy.
    Journal • IO biomarker
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    NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • CD40LG (CD40 ligand)
    |
    NRAS mutation
    18d
    Selective Clonal Regression After Interferon Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma. (PubMed, Am J Dermatopathol)
    We present an example of the latter, where therapy with interferon induced regression of the metastatic-capable melanocytic population, with only the primary tumor melanocytic population persisting. To confirm this, we demonstrated BRAF mutational similarity between the 2 populations, and an additional NRAS mutation in the metastatic population, which was absent in the primary tumor.
    Journal • Metastases
    |
    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation
    19d
    CDK4 gene copy number increase and concurrent genetic changes in acral melanoma of a Chinese cohort. (PubMed, Pathology)
    CDK4 high-level copy number increase coexists with other pathogenic mutations in AM. CDK4 appears to be a promising target for AM treatment and is expected to be combined with other targeted therapies.
    Journal
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    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • CDK4 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 4) • BCL2L11 (BCL2 Like 11)
    |
    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • HER-2 mutation • BCL2L1 mutation • CDK4 mutation
    20d
    BRAF and NRAS Mutations and the Association with Prognosis of Acral Lentiginous and Nodular Melanomas in Indonesia. (PubMed, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev)
    In this study, melanoma patients are largely diagnosed at the late stages with ulceration and involvement of regional lymph nodes. BRAF mutations are associated with lower survival of cutaneous melanoma patients.
    Journal
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    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • NRAS mutation + BRAF mutation
    21d
    Association of mutation profiles with metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    Patients with ALK mutant, BRAF mutant or NRAS mutant were more prone to metastasis, while the HER 2 mutation group was less metastatic. Patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC are more likely to develop bone, lung, or brain metastasis.
    Journal
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    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS)
    |
    KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • ALK mutation • MET mutation • EGFR mutation + PIK3CA mutation
    21d
    Mirdametinib + BGB-3245 in Advanced Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1/2, N=23, Active, not recruiting, SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=136 --> 23
    Enrollment closed • Enrollment change • Combination therapy • Metastases
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF fusion
    |
    mirdametinib (PD-0325901) • brimarefenib (BGB-3245)
    21d
    Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of BGB-283 (Lifirafenib) and PD-0325901 (Mirdametinib) in Participants With Advanced or Refractory Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=105, Recruiting, BeiGene | Phase classification: P1b --> P1
    Phase classification
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    NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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    NRAS mutation
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    mirdametinib (PD-0325901) • lifirafenib (BGB-283)
    22d
    Two Decades of Progress in Personalized Medicine of Colorectal Cancer in Serbia-Insights from the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia. (PubMed, Biomedicines)
    Although significant improvements in CRC management have occurred globally in recent years, a strategic approach leading to population-based systemic solutions is required. The high incidence of young-onset CRC and the growing elderly population due to a rise in life expectancy will be especially important factors for countries with limited healthcare resources like Serbia.
    Journal
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • APC (APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus) • CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) • MUTYH (MutY homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • RAS mutation • CHEK2 mutation
    24d
    Atypical Exon 2/3 Mutants G48C, Q43K, and E37K Present Oncogenic Phenotypes Distinct from Characterized NRAS Variants. (PubMed, Cells)
    Further, G48C, Q43K, and E37K all have less negative ΔG values, indicating a weaker GDP-binding affinity compared to wild-type NRAS. Taken together, the results suggest that oncogenic readouts of NRAS mutants are codon- and mutation-specific, with potential repercussions on the aggressiveness, resistance, and therapeutic response.
    Journal
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
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    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type
    25d
    Anti-Programmed Death Ligand 1 Plus Targeted Therapy in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. (PubMed, JAMA Oncol)
    Patients were assigned to targeted therapy based on the driver mutation as follow: BRAF V600E (cohort 1, vemurafenib plus cobimetinib), RAS/NF (cohort 2, cobimetinib), or non-BRAF/RAS/NF (cohort 3, bevacizumab). In this nonrandomized clinical trial, atezolizumab combined with targeted therapy resulted in a longer median OS than historical landmark, achieving the study's primary end point, with cohort 1 achieving the longest OS. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03181100.
    Clinical • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • RAS mutation • HRAS mutation
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • Tecentriq (atezolizumab) • Zelboraf (vemurafenib) • Cotellic (cobimetinib)
    26d
    BGB-283-AU-001: Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of BGB-283 in Patients With Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=131, Completed, BeiGene | Phase classification: P1a/1b --> P1
    Phase classification
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation
    |
    lifirafenib (BGB-283)
    27d
    eIF4F controls ERK MAPK signaling in melanomas with BRAF and NRAS mutations. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A)
    Furthermore, our quantitative analyses reveal a high spare signaling capacity in the ERK pathway, suggesting that eIF4F-dependent feedback keeps the majority of ERK molecules inactive under normal conditions. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of eIF4F in regulating ERK signaling flux and suggest that pharmacological eIF4F inhibitors can disrupt the negative feedback control of MAPK activity in melanomas with BRAF and NRAS activating mutations.
    Journal
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    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • DUSP6 (Dual specificity phosphatase 6) • EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1) • EIF4G1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1)
    |
    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • NRAS mutation + BRAF mutation
    30d
    Circulating tumor DNA in conjunctival melanoma: landscape and surveillance value. (PubMed, Am J Ophthalmol)
    Positive plasma ctDNA reflected the presence of metastases. The ctDNA could be used as a complement or alternative to tissue sequencing. High VAF ctDNA might indicate rapid disease progression in distant metastasis patients.
    Journal • Circulating tumor DNA
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • NF1 mutation
    1m
    Survival of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Ipilimumab after PD-1 Inhibitors: A Single-Center Real-World Study. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
    In case of failure to enroll patients in innovative clinical trials, second-line ipilimumab still represents an effective therapy in patients with metastatic wildtype melanoma and in the absence of brain metastases.
    Journal • Real-world evidence • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Real-world • Metastases
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    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF wild-type • NRAS wild-type
    |
    Yervoy (ipilimumab)
    1m
    Mutation-Specific CRISPR Targeting with SaCas9 and AsCas12a Restores Therapeutic Sensitivity in Treatment-Resistant Melanoma. (PubMed, CRISPR J)
    Two frontline BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), vemurafenib and dabrafenib, are frequently used to treat unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600E melanoma. Our data support the feasibility of the development of CRISPR-Cas therapeutic approaches to the treatment of melanoma. Successful therapeutic CRISPR-directed gene editing would enable both specific and efficient editing of a mutation-specific targeting approach eliminate concern for on- and off-target damage to the genomes of healthy cells.
    Journal
    |
    NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • NRAS Q61K • NRAS Q61
    |
    Zelboraf (vemurafenib) • Tafinlar (dabrafenib)
    1m
    BDTX-4933-101: A Study of BDTX-4933 in Patients With KRAS, BRAF and Select RAS/MAPK Mutation-Positive Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=100, Active, not recruiting, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
    Enrollment closed
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12V • KRAS G12 • NRAS G12D
    |
    BDTX-4933
    1m
    A phase Ib study of the combination of naporafenib with rineterkib or trametinib in patients with advanced and metastatic KRAS- or BRAF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. (PubMed, Lung Cancer)
    Both naporafenib combinations had acceptable safety profiles. Antitumor activity was limited in patients with NSCLC, despite the observed on-target pharmacodynamic effect.
    P1 data • Journal • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • DUSP6 (Dual specificity phosphatase 6)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation
    |
    Mekinist (trametinib) • naporafenib (ERAS-254) • rineterkib (LTT462)
    1m
    Hematologic Cancer after Gene Therapy for Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy. (PubMed, N Engl J Med)
    Hematologic cancer developed in a subgroup of patients who were treated with eli-cel; the cases are associated with clonal vector insertions within oncogenes and clonal evolution with acquisition of somatic genetic defects. (Funded by Bluebird Bio; ALD-102, ALD-104, and LTF-304 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01896102, NCT03852498, and NCT02698579, respectively.).
    Journal • Gene therapy
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1) • CDKN2B (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B) • WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor) • CD34 (CD34 molecule) • MECOM (MDS1 And EVI1 Complex Locus) • PRDM16 (PR/SET Domain 16)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • WT1 mutation
    1m
    Concomitant BRAF V600E and NRAS Q61R mutations in the same thyroid nodule: a case report. (PubMed, AME Case Rep)
    The finding of synchronous mutations is a rare occurrence suggesting for intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) even in PTC. Patients with multiple mutations have a clinical worse prognosis, generally characterized by an aggressive thyroid cancer, which may influence the surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and BRAF V600E mutation-targeting therapy.
    Journal
    |
    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • RAS mutation • RET rearrangement • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R
    1m
    Inhibition and degradation of NRAS with a pan-NRAS monobody. (PubMed, Oncogene)
    Further, this monobody can be formatted into a genetically encoded NRAS-specific degrader. Our study highlights the feasibility of developing NRAS selective inhibitors for therapeutic efforts.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation
    1m
    Association of various RAS codon mutations and prognostic outcomes of patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatectomy. (PubMed, Cancer Med)
    KRAS Q61 and NRAS Q61 mutations are promising predictors for OS in CRLM patients after hepatectomy. Postoperative chemotherapy may significantly benefit CRLM patients with RAS mutations, particularly those identified as high-risk.
    Retrospective data • Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • KRAS G12 • NRAS Q61 • KRAS G13 • NRAS G12 • NRAS G13 • KRAS A146 • KRAS Q61 • NRAS A146
    1m
    Study of Efficacy and Safety of LXH254 Combinations in Patients With Previously Treated Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=134, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Nov 2024
    Trial primary completion date • Metastases
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    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
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    NRAS mutation • BRAF V600
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    Mekinist (trametinib) • Kisqali (ribociclib) • naporafenib (ERAS-254) • rineterkib (LTT462)
    1m
    Identifying Novel Genetic Markers in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma. (PubMed, J Pediatr Surg)
    In patients with at least one mutation in BCOR, NF1, TP53, KRAS, HRAS, or CTNNB1, later age of onset is associated with poorer prognosis. In patients with mutations only in tumor suppressor genes BCOR or NF1, later age of onset is associated with poorer prognosis.
    Journal
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • FGFR4 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) • BCOR (BCL6 Corepressor)
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    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • NF1 mutation • HRAS mutation • BCOR mutation
    1m
    Multiomic profiling identifies predictors of survival in African American patients with acute myeloid leukemia. (PubMed, Nat Genet)
    Inflammatory profiles, cell type distributions and transcriptional profiles differed between Black and white patients with NPM1 mutations. Incorporation of ancestry-specific risk markers into the 2022 European LeukemiaNet genetic risk stratification changed risk group assignment for one-third of Black patients and improved their outcome prediction.
    Journal
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    NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • NPM1 (Nucleophosmin 1)
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    NRAS mutation • IDH2 mutation • NPM1 mutation
    1m
    Characterizing the genomic landscape through the lens of FOLR1 status in low and high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. (PubMed, Gynecol Oncol)
    Though less than in high-grade disease, a notable portion of low-grade tumors were FOLR1+, suggesting FOLR1 expression in LGSOC could be a viable target for this rare histology, particularly in the recurrent setting.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • FOLR1 ( Folate receptor alpha )
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    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • FOLR1 expression • FOLR1 positive
    2ms
    MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING TUMOUR DNA (CTDNA) IN HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER (HGSC) USING CANCER PERSONALISED PROFILING BY DEEP SEQUENCING (CAPP-SEQ) (IGCS 2024)
    80% of patients had detectable ctDNA at baseline (mutant DNA copies/ml) with somatic mutations found in TP53, BRCA1, KRAS, NRAS, MET and ERBB2 genes. CNVs were found in EGFR and MET. 69% of all plasmas were ctDNA+.
    Tumor mutational burden • BRCA Biomarker • Circulating tumor DNA
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    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1, early onset)
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    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • BRCA1 mutation • NRAS mutation • MET mutation
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    AVENIO ctDNA Targeted Kit
    2ms
    Multi-institutional registry study of the results of the Oncomine Dx Target Test for advanced thyroid cancer in Japan (ATA 2024)
    Objective: In 2022, the OncomineTM Dx Target Test (ODxTT) was approved in Japan as a companion diagnostic for selecting patients eligible for selpercatinib for advanced thyroid cancer, introducing a multigene test for thyroid cancer... A total of 571 patients were enrolled. There were 357 women (62.5%) and 214 men (37.5%) with a mean age of 65.9 ± 14.2 years. Four hundred and 18 (73.2%) were papillary carcinoma (PTC), 56 (9.8%) follicular carcinoma (FTC), 31 (5.4%) poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDTC), 38 (6.7%) anaplastic carcinoma (ATC), 21 (3.7%) medullary carcinoma (MTC), and 7 (1.2%) others.
    Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Metastases
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    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
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    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • NTRK1 fusion • RET fusion • RET mutation • HRAS mutation
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    Oncomine™ Dx Target Test
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    Retevmo (selpercatinib)
    2ms
    Adding venetoclax or hypomethylating agents to induction chemotherapy as first-line treatment for adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective case-cohort study. (PubMed, Ther Adv Hematol)
    Adding venetoclax might not improve CR/CRi of IA. A well-designed prospective randomized controlled study is now warranted.
    Retrospective data • Journal
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    FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2)
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    NRAS mutation • FLT3 mutation
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    Venclexta (venetoclax)
    2ms
    Tracking Response and Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia through Single-Cell DNA Sequencing Helps Uncover New Therapeutic Targets. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
    For Pt #1, disease resistance was associated with clonal expansion of minor clones, and 2nd line TKI therapy with gilteritinib provided a proliferative advantage to the clones carrying NRAS and KIT mutations, thereby responsible for relapse. In Pt #2, clonal architecture was less complex, and 1st line TKI therapy with midostaurin was able to eradicate the leukemic clones. Our results corroborate previous findings about clonal selection driven by TKIs, highlighting the importance of a deeper characterization of individual clonal architectures for choosing the best treatment plan for personalized approaches aimed at optimizing outcomes.
    Journal
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    FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)
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    NRAS mutation • FLT3 mutation • KIT mutation
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    Xospata (gilteritinib) • Rydapt (midostaurin)