MSI-H/dMMR

The RF-based joint clinicopathological-radiomics model exhibited excellent performance in predicting the dMMR status in right colon cancer, with good generalizability across the entire colon. This noninvasive model can serve as a reliable clinical decision support tool to optimize risk stratification and guide early intervention for patients with right colon cancer.

Incorporating a structured diagnostic algorithm that recognizes rare subtypes and integrating comprehensive genomic profiling into routine practice represents a paradigm shift from non-stratified to mechanism-driven therapy in pancreatic cancer. This narrative review summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics, molecular landscapes, and therapeutic opportunities of rare PDAC subtypes, highlighting how precision medicine can reshape prognosis and treatment in a historically hard-to-treat disease.

ctDNA testing demonstrates high concordance with tDNA and IHC and offers faster turnaround. Given its minimally invasive nature and strong concordance with tissue-based testing, ctDNA is a reliable tool for genomic profiling and longitudinal monitoring in GEC.

P2, N=200, Recruiting, 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd. | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P2, N=276, Recruiting, Fudan University

SPP1 critically mediates metastasis and immune regulation in CRC and inde-pendently predicts poor survival. Its prognostic value is confirmed, warranting investigation into its role in specific HIV-related carcinomas.

In vitro validation using WRN inhibitors demonstrated potent suppression of malignant phenotypes (proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion) in colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer models. Our study suggests that WRN plays a role in cancer diagnosis and therapy, especially in cancers characterized by replicative stress or defective DNA damage repair, and that WRN can serve as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy or targeted therapies and as a prognostic marker for certain tumors.

In large human transcriptomic and sequencing datasets, a role for CD4+ T cells in enhancing immune checkpoint blocker-mediated responses in persons with melanoma and mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancers that have downregulated MHC class I was suggested. These findings revise and expand the known role of MHC class I in CD8+ T cell and natural killer cell immunity and demonstrate a previously unrecognized role in CD4+ T cell-mediated cancer and alloimmunity.

Alterations in pathways such as PI3K/AKT, chemokine signaling and DNA repair showed correlation with treatment activity. These findings highlight the potential synergy between immune checkpoint inhibitors and cytotoxic chemotherapy in selected patients with pMMR/MSS mCRC.

Our findings demonstrate that inhibiting autophagy improves the immunotherapeutic efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in pMMR colorectal cancer. This study offers a new strategy to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in pMMR metastatic CRC by combining autophagy inhibition with immunotherapy.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of appendiceal GCA with dMMR and MSI-high status. Our findings underscore the necessity of incorporating MMR/MSI testing into the diagnostic workup of rare tumors such as GCA, particularly in young patients or those with a family history suggestive of Lynch syndrome, to optimize personalized treatment strategies.

BRCA2-loss CAPC displays a distinct genomic landscape, marked by robust HRD features, suggesting the potential of higher sensitivity to PARPi. These findings highlight the relevance of HRDsig, and routinely use of CGP in refining patient selection for PARPi and guiding the design of future clinical trials.