Melanoma

P=N/A, N=40, Not yet recruiting, University of Pittsburgh

P1/2, N=188, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc.

Using a model antigen (ovalbumin) and melanoma neoantigens, we further demonstrate the excellent activity of Mn-LDH/O150-based vaccine in inducing antitumor immunity to prevent tumor progression and metastasis. Our discoveries highlight the crucial involvement of energy metabolism in modulating STING activation, and present a simple yet translational material engineering approach for boosting metalloimmunotherapy.

While ICIs have demonstrated significant improvements in survival, the clinical efficacy of targeted therapies in MUP remains to be fully established. By consolidating current knowledge, this review provides insights to guide diagnosis, treatment, and future research in MUP.

Oral melanocytic neoplasms are rare and have distinct clinicopathological features. Despite this, a gap exists in molecular data regarding ODN and AMP. Conversely, OMN and OMM have distinct profiles; in particular, the latter may benefit modestly from tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, as KIT and BRAF mutations are sensitive to imatinib and vemurafenib, respectively.

Elevated levels of soluble MCAM have been linked to poor outcomes in various malignancies and can influence tumor microenvironments. This review synthesizes current understanding of MCAM's multifunctional roles, its bidirectional influence in health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.

Further, the 15-GEP support vector machine discriminant score predicts small tumors undergoing transformation from low-risk Class 1 to high-risk Class 2 profile. These results shed light on the early genetic evolution of UM and move us closer to a molecular definition of malignant transformation in this cancer type.

Topical application of a formulation containing 2.5% AAO for 28 days significantly reduced UV and brown spot scores (-6.4% and - 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.001), decreased melanin index (-10.2%, p < 0.001), and improved skin brightness and tone uniformity (ITA° +12.4%; L* +3.1%; both p < 0.001) compared with placebo. Overall, the results highlight AAO as a promising natural agent for managing skin hyperpigmentation through multiple mechanisms, suggesting its potential utility in both cosmetic and dermatological formulations.

Notably, the BET inhibitor mivebresib (ABBV-075) significantly improved survival rates by 50% in a metastatic UM xenograft mouse model and prevented detectable metastases in the bones, spinal cord, and brain...BET and HDAC inhibitors reversed gene expression signatures associated with high metastatic risk and induced a neuron-like phenotype in UM cells. These findings establish BET inhibition as a potent and previously underappreciated vulnerability for metastatic UM.

Tumor-local microbiota represents a distinct and actionable component of the tumor-immune microenvironment. Incorporating microbial profiling into immuno-oncology strategies may enhance biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and development of microbiome-based therapies. Further research is warranted to map spatial microbial heterogeneity, validate functional mechanisms, and translate findings into clinical applications in precision immunotherapy.

Galiellalactone treatment leads to prolonged STAT3 inhibition, which obstructs both metastatic functions and secretome-mediated paracrine interactions in both BRAFi-sensitive and resistant melanoma cells, via the reduction of MCAM and N-cadherin protein expression. Altogether, our findings support that Galiellalactone is a potential inhibitor that could block the metastatic function of drug-resistant melanoma cells and also obstruct the possible paracrine activation of STAT3 conferred by stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment.

In vivo, topical application results in deep skin and tumor penetration, significantly inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing immune activation with minimal toxicity. Taken together, these results highlight HA-LNP as a promising, clinically translatable platform for localized, mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy.