FGFR1 expression

They include larotrectinib/entrectinib/repotrectinib (NTRK fusions), selpercatinib (RET fusions), dabrafenib/trametinib (BRAFV600E mutations), pembrolizumab/dostarlimab (microsatellite instability), pembrolizumab (high tumor mutational burden), and trastuzumab deruxtecan (HER2 3+ expression) (all solid cancers). Pemigatinib is approved for FGFR1-rearranged myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms...For example, BRAFV600E and IDH1/2 mutations; ALK, FGFR, and NTRK fusions; PD-L1 amplification; and CD70 antigens are druggable in both solid and blood malignancies by gene-/immune-targeted therapies/chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Future biomarker-based tissue-agnostic basket studies/approvals should bridge the great divide and include both solid and hematologic cancers.

We developed a novel new squamous cell lung carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, that expresses IGF1R and PD-L1.

[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1 PET/CT had higher specificity than [18F]FDG PET/CT for the detection of primary lung cancer. In addition, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1 PET/CT also had higher diagnostic accuracy, specificity, and NPV for lymph node metastasis, but its diagnostic sensitivity for metastatic lesions was lower than [18F]FDG PET/CT. Therefore, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1 can be used as an effective supplement to [18F]FDG to a certain extent.

Part 1 included treatment with fulvestrant (FUL) 500 mg + E7090 (105 or 140 mg) or exemestane (EXE) 25 mg + E7090 (105 or 140 mg). These results emphasize that FGFR pathway activation evaluated with mRNA expression of selected genes at BL—rather than FGFR gene abnormalities—is a key molecular determinant for sensitivity to E7090, an FGFR inhibitor. Future validation of these biomarkers is necessary in a larger population of people with ER+/HER2− BC.

Herein, a hydrogelator, Nap-Phe-Phe-Phe-Glu-Thr-Glu-Leu-Tyr-OH (Nap-Y), was rationally designed to coassemble with an FGFR1 inhibitor nintedanib (Nin) to form a peptide hydrogel Gel Y/Nin for localized administration and FGFR1-triggered release of Nin...Nude mouse studies show that Gel Y/Nin exhibits enhanced therapeutic efficacy on lung tumor than free Nin. We anticipate that Gel Y/Nin will be utilized for lung cancer treatment in clinical settings in the near future.

In addition, we showed that cells obtained by long-term exposure to taltobulin are resistant to both taltobulin and other microtubule-targeting drugs, and exhibit elevated levels of FGFR1 and cyclin D. We also found that the presence of FGF-ligand trap prevents the development of long-term resistance to taltobulin. Our results shed light on how blocking the FGF1/FGFR1 axis by honokiol and FGF ligand trap could help develop more effective cancer therapies, potentially preventing the emergence of drug-resistant relapses.

P1, N=37, Completed, Bayer | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

In vitro, the combination of nivolumab and OM-RCA-01 resulted in higher levels of interferon gamma and interleukin-2 release compared with nivolumab alone. In vivo, pembrolizumab in combination with OM-RCA-01 produced a greater inhibitory effect on tumor growth compared with vehicle and pembrolizumab alone...Combining an anti-FGFR1 antibody with a checkpoint inhibitor may enhance the efficacy of both drugs. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of this interaction.

This also resulted in significant synergy between BGJ 398 and VEGFR inhibitors (i.e., sunitinib and regorafenib) by enhancing their pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activities. Mechanistically, the FGF2-induced activation of the FGFR pathway turns on VEGFR signaling via the overproduction of VEGF-A, induces the interaction between FGFR1/2 and VEGFR1, and thereby renders cancer cells highly sensitive to the dual inhibition of the aforementioned RTKs. Thus, our data uncovers the novel mechanism of the cross-talk between the aforementioned RTKs in IM-resistant GISTs lacking secondary KIT mutations and suggests that the dual blockade of FGFR and VEGFR signaling might be an effective treatment strategy for patients with GIST-acquired IM resistance via KIT-independent mechanisms.

In breast cancer, the 8p11.2-p12 amplicon shows clinically relevant gene expression profiles which could serve as potential targets for precision medicine in breast cancer patients. Moreover, the identified 7-gene minimal amplicon could be used as prognostic predictor for long-term survival.

Hence, the results provide insights into the molecular interaction responsible for the anti-breast cancer capabilities of mono-chalcone compounds. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03991-y.

We have defined specific leukemia responsive neutrophil subgroups based on their unique gene expression profile, which appear to be the precursors of neutrophils specifically associated with leukemia progression. An important event during development of these neutrophils is upregulation MMP genes which facilitated mobilization of these precursors from the BM in response to cancer progression, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach to suppress the development of immune tolerance.

Overall, our findings reveal a divergence in FGFR signaling, transitioning from a proliferative to stemness state driven by activation of JAK-STAT signaling and modulation of p21 levels. Activation of these divergent signaling pathways in FGFR amplified cancer cells and paradoxical growth effects highlight a challenge in the use of FGFR inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Finally, a clinical sample assay indicated that reduced miR-2110 was negatively correlated with NPC lymph node metastasis and positively related to NPC patient survival prognosis. In summary, miR-2110 is a metastatic suppressor involving in CB-induced suppression of NPC metastasis.

Encouraged by its efficacy, it was further investigated for its antitumor activity and mechanism of action, using sorafenib as a reference standard...It also downregulated Notch1 protein expression and decreased TGF-β1 production. Molecular docking simulations suggest that 8e binds as a promising type II kinase inhibitor in the target kinases interacting with the key regions in their kinase domain.

BALVERSA (erdafitinib), a selective pan-FGFR kinase inhibitor, has shown clinical activity against FGFR altered solid tumors in pts who exhausted standard treatment options... The large Chinese solid tumor cohort analysis showed comparable FGFR alts prevalence between Chinese and Western population. Differences in relationship between FGFR alts and PD-L1 expression across tumor types reflect the differential role of predominant FGFR types in each tumor type.

FGFR1 drives chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness, which FGFRi can reverse.

This dual-hit strategy of SMO and FGFR inhibition provides a clinically-translatable approach to compromise the profound impermeability of PDAC tumors. Furthermore, clinical deployment of DW-MR imaging could fulfill the essential clinical-translational requirement for patient stratification.

Further, in vivo experiments using nude mouse xenograft models underscored that silencing circNINL substantially curtailed tumor growth in LC. Collectively, these findings illuminate that circNINL exacerbates LC malignancy via the miR-3918/FGFR1 axis, a process integrally linked with the activation of aerobic glycolysis.

All patients received carboplatin and paclitaxel given every three weeks for six cycles and were randomized to bevacizumab. An FGFR/FGF-based gene signature identified in our study appears to predict long-term benefit from bevacizumab. This observation is hypothesis-generating and requires validation on independent cohorts.

CAV1 and KRT5 are highly expressed in prostate cancer. The higher expression of CAV1 and KRT5, the worse prognosis.

Although FGFRi treatments suppressed tumor growth across CRPC phenotypes, our analyses did not identify a single pathway or biomarker that would identify tumor response to FGFRi. This is very likely due to the array of FGFR1-4 expression and tumor phenotypes present in CRPC. Nevertheless, our data nominate the FGFR pathway as a clinically actionable target that promotes tumor growth in diverse phenotypes of treatment-refractory metastatic CRPC.

Moreover, the knockdown of endogenous FGF2 suppressed ICAM-1 expression and migration of osteosarcoma cells. These findings suggest that FGF2/FGFR1-4 signaling promotes metastasis via its direct downstream target gene ICAM-1, revealing a novel potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Bortezomib and Axitinib exhibited high efficacy on the patient's sample...Other FGFR inhibitors, including Olverematinib, AZD4547, Axitinib, Cediranib, Dovitinib, and Lenvatinib, also demonstrated exquisite sensitivity. Despite extensive screening, no other single agents or drug combinations exhibited increased effectiveness in the ZMYM2: : FGFR1 transformed BaF3 cells except for Trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, and the combination of Belvarafenib (RAF inhibitor) and Gilteritinib (FLT3 inhibitor)... Ex vivo drug sensitivity assays demonstrated the highly selective efficacy of FGFR inhibitors in ZMYM2: : FGFR1 fusion-positive leukemia cells and a fusion-expressing BaF3 cell line. Mutations in the FGFR1 kinase domain (ZMYM2: : FGFR1 F1171L) could contribute to Ponatinib insensitivity. These ex vivo drug screening results provide further support for ongoing clinical trials which are investigating the use of single agent Pemigatinib and other FGFR1 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with FGFR1-fusion positive leukemias.

Conclusively, miR-1262 serves as an antitumor miRNA in colon cancer by targeting FGFR1. The NF-κB/miR-1262/FGFR1 axis modulates colon cancer cell phenotypes, including proliferation, invasion, and migration.

Overexpression of circFGFR1 is significantly correlated with higher tumor grade, Gleason score, and PSA level, and is a significant unfavorable prognosticator for CRPC-free survival (CFS) (RR = 3.277, 95% confidence interval: 1.192-9.009; P = 0.021). These findings unravelled novel mechanisms controlling FGFR1 gene expression by intronic circRNA and its potential clinicopathological utility as a diagnostic or therapeutic target.

This resulted in activation of both AKT- and MAPK-signaling pathways shown on mRNA and protein levels, and rendered cancer cells highly sensitive to pan-FGFR-inhibitors (BGJ 398, AZD 4547, and TAS-120). Collectively, our data illustrates that continuous inhibition of KIT signaling in IM-resistant GISTs lacking secondary KIT mutations induced clonal heterogeneity of GISTs and resulted in accumulation of cancer cells with overexpressed FGF-2 and FGFR1/2, thereby leading to activation of FGFR-signaling. This in turn rendered these cells extremely sensitive to the pan-FGFR inhibitors used in combination with IM, or even alone, and suggests a rationale to re-evaluate the effectiveness of FGFR-inhibitors in order to improve the second-line therapeutic strategies for selected subgroups of GIST patients (e.g., IM-resistant GISTs lacking secondary KIT mutations and exhibiting the activation of the FGFR-signaling pathway).

Per institutional and public databases, FGFR2 mutations and amplifications had a population frequency of 1.1%-2.6% and 1.5%-2.5%, respectively, in breast cancer patients. FGFR2 alterations in breast cancer may represent infrequent but highly promising targets for futibatinib.

Single-agent FGFRi's mediate selective, molecularly-targeted suppression of PDAC proliferation, and their effects are greatest in PDAC tumors expressing low- to-moderate FGFR1.

P1, N=37, Active, not recruiting, Bayer | Phase classification: P1b/2 --> P1

Moreover, combined with the results of the rescue experiment, VPS9D1-AS1 was found to upregulate FGFRL1 by competitively sponging miR-187-3p to accelerate the malignant behaviors of prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, VPS9D1-AS1 could promote the phenotype progression of prostate cancer cells through targeting the miR-187-3p/FGFRL1 axis, and it has the potential to be a target for prostate cancer patients.

These data offer insights into EGFR inhibitor resistance and show that resistance to EGFR knockout likely occurs through a complex network of kinases. Future studies of cetuximab-resistant HNSCC tumors are warranted to determine if this EMT phenotype and/or multi-kinase resistance is observed in patients.

Remarkably, the D647N mutation significantly increases the sensitivity of FGFR1 to the ATP-competitive inhibitor Erdafitinib suggesting the possibility that this mutation could become a specific target for the development of new inhibitors. Although further efforts are warranted for an exhaustive description of the activation mechanisms, for the identification of more specific inhibitors and for confirming the clinical significance of mutated FGFR1, overall our data demonstrate that the D647N substitution of FGFR1 is a novel pro-oncogenic activating mutation of the receptor that, when found in cancer patients, may anticipate good response to erdafitinib treatment.

Well-separated tumor clusters confirmed the association between MET gene and collective expression of RTK genes. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of multi-kinase inhibitors targeting MET and the 9 other significant RTKs needs to be explored.

Importantly, use of the G4-binding compound CX-5461 stabilized the FGFR1 G4 structure, blocked the transcriptional activity of the FGFR1 proximal promoter and decreased FGFR1 expression...In conclusion, consistent with the clinical observations our evaluation of FGFR kinase inhibitors validates the resistance to FGFR kinase inhibitors in MBC. Our findings indicate that targeting FGFR1 expression through G4 stabilization may be a potential strategy for MBC.

Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of FGFR kinase enhances the expression of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, TLR7, and TLR9 in T47D cells when stimulated with the TLR7 agonist loxoribine. These results strongly suggest that FGFR1 functions as an innate checkpoint and may be exploited by tumor cells to dampen Type 1 interferon responses, thereby inhibiting antitumor immunity in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Thus, the genomic events shaping the architecture of the 8p11-p12 amplicon provide a mechanistic explanation for the emergence of FGFR1-driven squamous cell lung cancer. Specifically, FGFR1 ectodomain deficient and FGFR1-centered amplifications caused by tail-to-tail rearrangements are novel somatic genomic event, which might be predictive of therapeutically relevant FGFR1 dependency.

Parallel analysis of 47 iCCA samples with the Illumina TruSight Tumor 170 kit confirmed good performance of our NGS panel. In conclusion, targeted RNA sequencing coupled with the 3' RACE technology is an efficient tool for the molecular diagnostics of BTCs.

We screened an anti-cancer compound library and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) promoting alectinib-induced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive DTP cell's survival...The combination of FGFR and targeted TKIs enhanced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high protein expressing cells with ALK-rearranged and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancer, or v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-mutated melanoma by preventing compensatory extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) reactivation. These results suggest that a targeted TKI-induced DTP state results from an oncogenic switch from activated oncogenic driver signaling to the FGFR1 pathway in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high expressing cancers and initial dual blockade of FGFR and driver oncogenes based on FGFR1 and FGF2 expression levels at baseline is a potent treatment strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance to targeted TKIs through DTP cells regardless of types of driver oncogenes.

Further, pharmacological targeting with erdafitinib, a selective small molecule targeting FGFRs, induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death in-vitro, inhibited tumor progression, and improved overall survival in-vivo. We performed extensive pre-clinical assessments in multiple in-vivo model systems to confirm the therapeutic potential of erdafitinib in MCL and demonstrated FGFR1 as a viable therapeutic target in MCL.

Comparative analysis of RNA-sequencing data of FGFR1 and FGFR2 knockdown glioblastoma cells revealed a FGFR1-specific gene regulatory network associated with tumor invasion. Our study reveals new gene candidates linked to FGFR1-mediated glioblastoma invasion.

In vivo experiments revealed that CYY292 inhibited U87MG tumor growth more effectively than AZD4547. CYY292 also efficiently reduced GBM cell proliferation and increased survival in orthotopic GBM models. This study further elucidates the function of FGFR1 in the GBM and reveals the effect of CYY292, which targets FGFR1, on downstream signaling pathways directly reducing GBM cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and thus impairing the recruitment, activation, and function of immune cells.