Cutaneous Melanoma

P1/2, N=140, Recruiting, Krystal Biotech, Inc. | Phase classification: P1 --> P1/2 | N=80 --> 140

P1/2, N=341, Recruiting, IDEAYA Biosciences | Trial completion date: May 2025 --> Mar 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Dec 2026

In summary, targeted sequencing of a large NGS panel can detect predicted ultraviolet radiation mutational signatures in skin cancer with >99% specificity. This preliminary result warrants a potential application of mutational signature characterization in routine tumor profiling testing. Further investigation with larger data sets will follow up to determine the overall sensitivity and specificity for detection.

P1/2, N=47, Suspended, Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Recruiting --> Suspended

P1/2, N=19, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=12 --> 19

P1/2, N=27, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025

P1, N=18, Recruiting, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 --> Oct 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025

Additionally, functional experiments involving gene silencing revealed a potential impact on cellular proliferation, further emphasizing the significance of MMP9, MMP12, MMP14, and MMP16 in SKCM pathobiology. This study identifies Estradiol and Calcitriol as potential drugs for modulating MMP expression in SKCM, highlighting MMP9, MMP12, MMP14, and MMP16 as key diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

P2, N=60, Suspended, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025

P3, N=300, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025

P=N/A, N=1000, Not yet recruiting, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute

However, their presence did not influence either antigen acquisition or the phenotype of other myeloid cell populations. Overall, our data suggest that diminished representation of CD8 T cells in IC tumors is a consequence of alternatively matured DC and/or microglia that induce distinctly activated T cells, which ultimately fail to continue to accumulate inside the tumor.

P1, N=11, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | N=20 --> 11

Furthermore, we found that exogenous IL-33 effectively promoted the differentiation of ILC2s and their accumulation in tumors, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor immune response. These findings may pave the way for developing new cancer immunotherapies that use IL-33 as an activator to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.

This review confirms an association between CM and HM within the same patient. The link is primarily attributed to genetic factors involving BRAF-V600K, tyrosine kinase pathway genes, CDKN2A (P16), and BCL-2. Additionally, risk factors such as ultraviolet radiation and compromised immune function are associated with the incidence of these cancers.

Our AI-driven NLP pipeline demonstrated the potential for annotating biomarker testing and mutation rates. The difficulties we encountered highlight the need for more advanced AI-powered literature searching and data extraction, and more consistent reporting of testing rates. These improvements would reduce the risk of misinterpretation or misunderstanding of testing and mutation rates by AI-based technologies and the health care community, with beneficial impacts on clinical decision-making, research, and trial design.

Further, we found genes with rare variants that associate with decreased risk of cancer; AURKB for any cancer, irrespective of site, and PPP1R15A for breast cancer, suggesting that inhibition of PPP1R15A may be a preventive strategy for breast cancer. Our findings pinpoint several new cancer risk genes and emphasize autophagy, apoptosis and cell stress response as a focus point for developing new therapeutics.

P2, N=4, Terminated, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Completed --> Terminated; Study stopped due to slow enrollment

P1, N=0, Withdrawn, Mayo Clinic | N=24 --> 0 | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Oct 2024 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Oct 2024

In this study, melanoma patients are largely diagnosed at the late stages with ulceration and involvement of regional lymph nodes. BRAF mutations are associated with lower survival of cutaneous melanoma patients.

P3, N=1089, Active, not recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1/2, N=15, Recruiting, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Sep 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025

Novel collections of miRNAs, such as has-miR-423-5p, has-miR-769-5p, has-miR-151a-3p, and has-miR-550a-5p, targeting S100A16 at a pan-cancer level were predicted through various databases. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding the role of S100A16 in prognosis prediction, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, providing valuable insights for identifying novel targets in cancer treatment.

P2/3, N=135, Not yet recruiting, Linnaeus Therapeutics, Inc. | Phase classification: P3 --> P2/3

The expression of CD133 and NANOG markers highlights the role of tumor stem cells in melanoma progression. Early identification of these markers could improve diagnosis and treatment, including the application of targeted therapies.

This study elucidates the mechanistic role of STARD4-AS1 and its downstream targets in SKCM progression, highlighting the importance of the ADCY4/PRKACA/SOX10 pathway. The integration of computational analysis with experimental validation enhances the understanding of TILPI and its clinical implications. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of novel computational frameworks like TILPI in predicting and managing SKCM, particularly through targeting the ADCY4/PRKACA/SOX10 pathway.

P=N/A, N=17, Completed, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute | Enrolling by invitation --> Completed | N=80 --> 17 | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2024

P3, N=921, Completed, Pfizer | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=160, Terminated, Inhibrx Biosciences, Inc | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Oct 2024 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Oct 2024; Program terminated due to lack of meaningful efficacy signal.

Matched SXOs and cell lines demonstrated sensitivity to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Further study using SXOs may improve the translational relevance of preclinical studies and enable the study of the metastatic melanoma tumor microenvironment.

The STARBOARD SLI showed that safety across the cohorts was generally comparable to the known safety profile of each agent. The standard dose regimen of COMBO450 plus pembrolizumab was chosen as the RP3D.

P1, N=70, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | N=50 --> 70

P2, N=9, Completed, Diwakar Davar | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jul 2028 --> Aug 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2028 --> Aug 2024

This work describes the experience using T-VEC in melanoma at a single institution and highlights the presence of TERT promotor mutations as a possible driver of clinical response.

P1, N=34, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | N=15 --> 34 | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 --> Oct 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Oct 2027

P1, N=12, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2025

Moreover, APNV, in combination with checkpoint blockade therapy, significantly hampered post-surgical tumor recurrence in a subcutaneous melanoma tumor model and effectively impeded metastatic progression in a melanoma lung metastasis model. This APNV may be conducive to making personalized therapeutic neoantigen vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.

Then, the present results can suggest that elevated PRAME and Ki-67 expression are associated with poor overall survival in cutaneous melanoma; however, in multivariate analysis, only the Breslow thickness had a significant influence. These findings highlight the potential of PRAME and Ki-67 as prognostic markers, opening frontiers that could improve strategies for treating cutaneous melanoma.

MiR-211-5p expression in metastases is associated with a shorter survival, emphasizing the potential of miR-211-5p as a risk predictor for a less favorable clinical outcome in metastatic disease. In situ hybridization could be implemented in a routine laboratory workflow and can be performed on diagnostic tissue.

Our findings highlight JMJD1B's role in maintaining genome integrity by ensuring a proper histone supply to the nucleus, expanding its function beyond gene expression regulation. JMJD1B emerges as a crucial player in preserving genome stability and the development of melanoma, with a potential role as a safeguard against oncogenic mutations.

Mohs micrographic surgery or digit-sparing wide local excision has been explored to improve quality of life and replace wide local excision or proximal amputation. AM has a worse prognosis than other subtypes, even in the early stages, indicating its inherent aggressiveness.

P1, N=22, Terminated, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Drug supply issues