This study demonstrates Chiauranib's positive efficacy toward NKTL through the activation of the AIF-dependent apoptosis pathway for the first time. The novel and multi-targets of Chiauranib and the synergistic effect with L-asparaginase may provide a promising therapy for NKTL patients.
Mechanistically, chiauranib suppresses the phosphorylation level of VEGFR2, which has an anti-t-FL effect by inhibiting the downstream MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling cascade. In conclusion, chiauranib may be a potential therapy to treat t-FL, since it inhibits tumor growth and migration and induces apoptosis by altering the VEGFR2/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Finally, we found that the VEGFR2/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway is closely related to an inhibitory effect of Chiauranib.In conclusion, by acting on VEGFR2, chiauranib is acting on the VEGFR2/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby altering the expression level of STAT3 target genes, ultimately leading to decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, slowed migration, and decreased angiogenesis. These findings provide a basis for further clinical exploration of chiauranib as a promising treatment for follicular lymphoma.
In addition, MCL1 and BCL-XL, two well-characterized contributors for venetoclax resistance, were significantly lessened in the presence of CS2164 and venetoclax, thus leading to the accumulation of proapoptotic proteins BAX and PUMA and then initiating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that the regimen of CS2164 and venetoclax is highly effective to eliminate HGBL-DHL cells in the preclinical setting, warranting further clinical investigations of this regimen for the treatment of unfavorable HGBL-DHL patients.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top three most deadly cancers despite using chemotherapy based on oxaliplatin or irinotecan combined with targeted therapy. Further, KRAS mutation CRC cells are resistant to Chiauranib by increasing Nrf2 to stably elevate the basal antioxidant program and thereby lower intracellular ROS induced by Chiauranib. Our findings provide the rationale for further clinical evaluation of Chiauranib as a therapeutic agent in treating KRAS wild-type CRC.
The underlying mechanisms for the synergy of the two drugs included the blockade of Rad51 recombinase-dependent DNA repair, the perturbation of the delicate balance of BCL2 family proteins that induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and subsequently led to the proapoptotic effect, as well as the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and MYC expression. In summary, these findings suggest that the regimen of CS2164 and venetoclax combination is highly effective to eliminate HGBCL-DHL cellsin vitroandin vivoand thus provide a rational treatment paradigm to strip HGBCL-DHL of its protection fromMYCandBCL2rearrangements.