Patients were assigned to three arms: (A) PD-1 antibody plus gemcitabine and docetaxel; (B) PARP inhibitor combined with temozolomide; or (C) tinengotinib (TT-00420), a small-molecule aurora kinase inhibitor currently in clinical trials. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using genomic molecular subtyping to guide the precise treatment of osteosarcoma. We also revealed that the abnormal genomic and transcriptomic profiles caused by MYC amplification could be suppressed by tinengotinib.
These findings suggest that tinengotinib might have activity in patients with cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusions that progressed following FGFR inhibitor therapy. Anti-tumour activity was also observed in patients with other FGFR alterations. The data from this phase 2 study supported the initiation of a phase 3 registration trial.
When combined with etoposide/cisplatin, it synergistically inhibited SCLC growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that c-Myc expression may be a key factor influencing the effect of tinengotinib in SCLC-N. This study provides reliable preclinical data and a new direction for tinengotinib as a promising therapy for SCLC, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
Our multimodal analysis led to a model characterizing the biology of acquired resistance, informing the rational design of next-generation FGFR inhibitors. FGFR inhibitors should be small, high-affinity, and selective for specific FGFR family members. Tinengotinib, a novel small molecule inhibitor with these characteristics, exhibited preclinical and clinical activity against key resistance mutations. This integrated approach offers a blueprint for advancing drug resistance research across cancer types.