Next-generation therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: CAR-T cell and anticancer peptide synergy. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol)
Nanotherapeutics like PIR NPs, ThermoDox, and liposomal drug formulations improve drug stability, delivery, and specificity, providing controlled release and reduced toxicity. The integration of CAR-T therapy with ACPs, nanomedicine, and dual-checkpoint blockade such as tremelimumab-durvalumab, and nivolumab-ipilimumab demonstrate improved tumour regression and survival outcomes. Combination strategies that modulate ROS levels, inhibit angiogenesis, and utilize peptide-drug conjugates show promise in preclinical and early clinical studies. This review highlights the therapeutic synergy of next-generation peptide, cellular, and nanoplatform-based therapies in enhancing outcomes for advanced HCC.