Thymus Cancer

The oncogenic potential of CKAP4 in HCC was demonstrated using various animal models. Clinical sample analyses suggested that CKAP4 is a potential biomarker for HCC prognosis and diagnosis.Abbreviation: AKT: thymoma viral proto-oncogene; aa: amino acid; bp: base pair; CHX: cycloheximide; co-IP: co-Immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; CKAP4: cytoskeleton-associated protein 4; DKK1: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1; DUBs: deubiquitinating enzymes; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HFD: high-fat diet; HiTV: hyperdynamic tail vein injection; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IP-MS: immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry; LIR: LC3-interacting region; mAbs: monoclonal antibodies; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mCherry: monomeric cherry; oe: overexpression; PDX: patient-derived tumor xenograft; reticulophagy: endoplasmic reticulum selective autophagy; RETREG1: reticulophagy regulator 1; RHD: reticulon-homology domain; Tg: thapsigargin; Tm: tunicamycin; TRIM21: tripartite motif-containing 21; UB: ubiquitin; WT: wild-type.

In this report, we describe a rare case of localized lipodystrophy characterized normal development and partial multifocal fat atrophy. This case aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of the clinical manifestation of this uncommon disease.

The tumor was diagnosed to be thymic squamous cell carcinoma because the immunostaining for CD5 and CD117 was positive. The same type of carcinoma was recognized as a small nodule during the previous lung cancer surgery, and it is considered to represent a synchronous double cancer.

P2, N=45, Recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University

In addition, all T-LBLs demonstrate constitutive expression of pAKT, indicating the presence of activated AKT signaling, and are sensitive to treatment with the pan-AKT inhibitor MK-2206, suggesting that these lymphomas are dependent on pAKT signaling for their survival. Lastly, ATM-deficiency itself does not cause loss of PTEN or dysregulated AKT signaling, as ATM-deficient non-malignant thymocytes express wild-type levels of PTEN and lack detectable pAKT. This study demonstrates for the first time that the majority of ATM-deficient thymic T-LBLs lose PTEN expression and all depend on AKT signaling for survival, suggesting their potential use as an animal model for PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway dysfunction in human T-ALL.

This study provides insights into subtype-specific molecular and immune characteristics of TETs, identifies FGF17 as a potential negative biomarker for immunotherapy response (with lower expression potentially indicating better response), and elucidates mechanisms of irAEs. These findings contribute to the development of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for managing TETs, particularly in predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Treatment includes cholinesterase inhibitors and immunotherapy agents, with extended thymectomy serving as an effective surgical option for drug-resistant cases. Minimally invasive approaches (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) have demonstrated comparable oncological outcomes to sternotomy, highlighting their effectiveness and reliability.

P2, N=66, Active, not recruiting, SWOG Cancer Research Network | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Mar 2025

P=N/A, N=0, Withdrawn, Travera Inc | N=630 --> 0 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn

Paraneoplastic syndromes are rarely reported in association with ectopic thymoma, making this case unusual. We discuss the nuances of diagnosis, classification, and staging of this rare case, as well as the patient's subsequent management by cardiothoracic surgery and neurology specialists.

Complement C3 level is a crucial predictor for long-term remission in thymoma-associated MG post-thymectomy. Patients with lower C3 levels are more likely to experience MG symptom progression post-surgery compared to those with normal levels, indicating its potential as a key prognostic marker.

Transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of primary T-ALL cells next translated our findings to the human pathology, showing that PTEN-altered T-ALL cells activate ACLY and are sensitive to its genetic targeting. ACLY activation thus represents a metabolic vulnerability with therapeutic potential for high-risk T-ALL patients.

MiRNAs are crucial for cardiac development through the expression of cardiac transcription factors (miR-335-5p), hinder the cell cycle by modulating the activity of transcription factors (miR-126-3p, miR-320a), modulate the production of inflammatory factors such as interleukins (miR-217), and interfere with cell proliferation or apoptosis (miR-218, miR-634 and miR-122). Current and future research on miRNAs is essential, as a deep understanding could lead to a revolution in the field of diagnostics and prevention of neoplastic diseases.

No difference in the methylation levels of the investigated genes was seen among TM stages and subtypes. No changes in blood methylation levels of the investigated genes were seen among TET subtypes. The present study confirms GHSR, ELF3, IL1RN and RAG1 as TET epigenetic biomarkers.

We report a case of atypical type A thymoma and review the literature to enhance our understanding of and provide accumulated pathological data on this rare disease.

Additionally, pathway enrichment suggested that NUMB is involved in the Wnt pathway. This study highlights the predictive role of CTNNB1 across cancers, suggesting that CTNNB1 might serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various malignant tumors.

P2, N=30, Recruiting, Dwight Owen | Suspended --> Recruiting

A 64-year-old female patient with a history of myasthenia gravis and thymoma treated with prednisolone (10 mg/day) and cyclosporine (150 mg/day) experienced erythema on her trunk after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) onset...During the disease course, candida fungemia and cytomegalovirus infection developed, resulting in the patient's death. The TAMA was considered to have been caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines, autoreactive T cell activation, and regulatory T cell dysfunction induced by COVID-19.

P2, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital

GEPIA validated that LGALS3BP was significantly upregulated in thymoma patients. In conclusion, LGALS3BP might be an essential biomarker to identify thymoma from the thymic cyst.

This is the first report of B cell deficiency in 5 thymoma tissues of GS patients.

This study presents a powerful and promising approach to overcoming the limitations of EV-based cancer vaccines, advancing the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. SUMMARY: Immunization with EVs that are co-associated with antigen and biotherapeutic cargo through a lyophilization-based technique elicits potent anti-cancer immunity.

The study provides a comprehensive overview of paclitaxel usage from 1996 through 2022 and highlights potential drug interactions that may affect treatment outcomes. While the impact of prescription drugs on paclitaxel discontinuation is uncertain, paclitaxel and antidepressants do not have significant drug-drug interactions.

Whole exome sequencing revealed loss of function mutations in TP53, STK11, PBRM1, SMAD3, FN1, NTRK1, and FANCD2, as well as gain of function mutations in MTOR, BCL11A and COL1A1, along with amplification of CCND3 and MDM2. This mutational landscape halfway between thymic carcinoma (TP53, PBRM1) and hepatoid variant carcinoma of other sites (STK11) suggests that, at some point during carcinogenesis, a switch occurred from an epithelial thymic phenotype to a hepatoid-like one.

However, few were evaluated in low-prevalence settings. Further evaluation is necessary before implementing these biomarkers for intrathoracic cancers in primary care.

A small fraction of TTF-1-positive gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas represents a pitfall mimicking enteric-type pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Combined analysis of TTF-1 and Napsin-A improves the specificity of pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosis.

P1/2, N=88, Completed, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Apr 2024

Salus IRB, Protocol STC15-22101. All patients gave informed consent before participation.

P2, N=647, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jul 2024

Finally, we found that five key genes and immune cell infiltrations presented varying degrees of correlation. Our study identified five key potential pathogenic genes that predisposed thymoma to the development of MG, which provided potential diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for MG patients with thymoma.

© 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Combination treatment with the GRP78 inhibitor DPT and pharmacological autophagy inhibitors will be a meaningful method of obviating osteosarcoma cells.

MG-concomitant IIM is often associated with thymoma. The immunopathology mechanism may be different from that of pure MG or IIM, which needs further research.

P=N/A, N=0, Completed, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, People’s Republic of China.; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

P4, N=400, Not yet recruiting, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital; Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital

P2, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai International Medical Center; Shanghai International Medical Center

P1, N=200, Active, not recruiting, SOTIO Biotech AG | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Dec 2024

Based on histopathological and molecular results, the diagnosis of cryptococcal inflammatory pseudotumour was made. Only a few cases of cryptococcal inflammatory pseudotumours have been reported in the literature, mainly in HIV-positive patients. Our patient was not HIV-positive but ten months before the wedge resection, she had a type B2 thymoma treated with induction chemotherapy and consecutive resection (R1) as well as adjuvant chemotherapy.

The pooled estimated expression level of PD-L1 is 0.71 ([0.59-0.81]). This systematic review provides an overview of the gene alteration landscape and PD-L1 expression levels in TETs, discovers several potential confounding factors that may contribute to the high heterogeneity, and facilitates deeper investigations into the elucidation of the molecular landscape of TETs.

The patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, but symptoms recurred soon after. Eventually, the diagnosis of Goods syndrome was made based on the presence of B-cell loss, decreased immunoglobulin levels, an inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio on admission, and a previous history of thymoma.

Additionally, an interactive immune environment in TETs is identified that correlates with the infiltration of abnormal FOXI1+ CFTR- ionocytes. Collectively, the data broaden the knowledge of TET cellular ecosystems, providing a basis for tackling histopathological diagnosis and related treatment.

The nuclear staining with this marker offers the advantage of eliminating some of the ambiguity in the interpretation sometimes encountered with other markers. An added advantage is the consistent staining across the entire spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors of this organ.