P2, N=11, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 --> Jul 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Jul 2024

P2, N=176, Not yet recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.; Institute of Hematolog

P1, N=24, Not yet recruiting, Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies

The TGFβ receptor inhibitor galunisertib showed promising efficacy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the phase 2 H9H-MC-JBAJ study. TGFβ inhibition redirects macrophage polarization to M1, reducing Lif and shifting PDAC cells to a more epithelial/classical phenotype, improving gemcitabine sensitivity. This study supports exploring TGFβ-targeting agents in PDAC with a mesenchymal/basal-like ecotype driven by high CCL3 levels.

P2, N=160, Not yet recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

P4, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc

P=N/A, N=800, Active, not recruiting, Boehringer Ingelheim | Not yet recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1, N=20, Completed, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P=N/A, N=152, Completed, Karadeniz Technical University

Epoetin alfa was used simultaneously in 31 patients (60.7%). The effect was particularly high in the IPSS-M low and very low groups. We believe that the relatively high response rate in our patients was influenced by the frequent use of a higher dose (1.75 mg/kg) and especially by adding ESA to luspatercept in poorly responding patients.

These effects could be mediated by modulating the NF-κB, SIRT1, NGF, and neuregulin-1 pathways. Pir is a promising agent for treating MS.

P=N/A, N=200, Recruiting, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico | Trial completion date: Jun 2030 --> Jun 2035 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2026 --> Sep 2030

These findings suggest that Oxy210 could be a drug candidate for targeting both NASH and atherosclerosis, as well as chronic inflammation associated with the manifestations of metabolic syndrome.

Hmox1highiCAFs overexpressed the Cxcl10 receptor (Sdc4) and facilitated functional CD8+ T-cell infiltration through the Tnfsf9-Tnfrsf9 axis. Overall, our nanodrugs reshape the phenotype of CAFs and enhance functional CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumors, holding the potential to be a safe and promising therapy for PDAC.

P=N/A, N=0, Withdrawn, Bristol-Myers Squibb | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn | N=86 --> 0

P1, N=48, Active, not recruiting, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Jan 2025

Despite some promising results, many therapies remain in early development or have faced setbacks, emphasizing the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the disease's pathobiology. Continued research into targeted therapies, homogenous clinical trial designs, as well as increased incorporation of molecular prognostic tools and artificial intelligence into trial design are essential for developing effective treatments for MDS and improving patient outcomes.

P2, N=90, Active, not recruiting, Keros Therapeutics, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=30, Completed, Celgene | Phase classification: P2a --> P2

This year, luspatercept, an anti-anemic agent targeting the TGFβ pathway, became available for clinical use in Japan. Various research initiatives are currently underway to develop new medicines targeting specific molecules within innate immune and inflammasome-signaling pathways, including IL-1β, CD33, TLR, IRAK4, and p38MAPK.

The potential of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor (galunisertib) for treating NPC was also investigated using the proposed platform...This study highlights the significant impact of confinement levels, surface proteins, nanotopography, and the TGF-β inhibitor on the metastatic probability of cancer cells, providing valuable insights for the development of novel treatment therapies for NPC. The developed platforms proved to be useful tools for evaluating the metastatic potential of cells and are applicable for drug screening.

We hereby examined the effects of TGFβ depletion by AVID200/BMS-986416(TGFβ-TRAP), a TGFβ ligand trap, on the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) murine models with different organ-specific metastasis...Notably, the most highly expressed ligands of CCR5 shifted from the immunosuppressive CCL5 to CCL7 and CCL8, which may mediate the immune agonist activity of CCR5 following TGFβ-TRAP and anti-PD-1 combination treatment. This study suggested that TGFβ depletion modulates CAF heterogeneity and potentially reprograms CAFs and myeloid cells into anti-tumor immune agonists in PDAC, supporting the validation of such effects in human specimen.

P2, N=11, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Aug 2025

P2, N=30, Recruiting, Hunan Province Tumor Hospital | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Dec 2024

P1, N=60, Recruiting, KaliVir Immunotherapeutics | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1, N=24, Completed, Overseas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.

P2, N=40, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Phase classification: P1 --> P2

P=N/A, N=90, Recruiting, Bristol-Myers Squibb

P=N/A, N=16, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University

P2, N=40, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing

P1, N=2, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | N=15 --> 2

P1, N=12, Completed, Overseas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.

P2, N=90, Active, not recruiting, Bristol-Myers Squibb | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1/2, N=156, Not yet recruiting, Corbus Pharmaceuticals Inc.

P2, N=176, Not yet recruiting, Hansoh BioMedical R&D Company

P2, N=47, Completed, Fundación GECP | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Apr 2025 --> Feb 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Feb 2024

In silicosis female C57BL/6 mice model, oral CBD or pirfenidone (PFD) on day 1 after intratracheal drip silica (150 mg/mL) and continued for 42 days...In vitro experiments showed that CBD can effectively reduce the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells and subsequently block silica-stimulated transformation of fibromuscular-myofibroblast transition (FMT) by culturing human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) in conditioned medium of THP-1 cells. Therefore, CBD exhibited the potential therapy for silicosis through inhibiting the silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via the NLRP3/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

P2/3, N=36, Completed, Materno-Perinatal Hospital of the State of Mexico

CarboCell can be injected through standard thin-needle technologies and has inherent imaging contrast which secure accurate intratumoral positioning. In particular, here we report the therapeutic performance for a dual-drug CarboCell providing sustained release of a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist and a transforming growth factor-β inhibitor in preclinical tumor models in female mice.

In addition, antifibrotic effects, anti-caspase-3, and PCNA enhancement activity were recorded. PFD exhibited a protective potential and mitigated the MTX-induced testiculopathy via suppression of testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis and retaining the testicular proliferative efficacy as confirmed by histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods.

P=N/A, N=86, Not yet recruiting, Bristol-Myers Squibb

P1/2, N=60, Recruiting, University of Alabama at Birmingham | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Mar 2026