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CANCER:

Testicular Seminoma

Related cancers:
17d
Replenishing co-downregulated miR-100-5p and miR-125b-5p in malignant germ cell tumors causes growth inhibition through cell cycle disruption. (PubMed, Mol Oncol)
Cells were treated with demethylating 5-azacytidine and pyrosequencing was performed...In summary, combination miR-100-5p/miR-125b-5p mimic replenishment or TRIM71kd caused growth inhibition in malignant GCT cells via cell cycle disruption. Further studies are now warranted, including mimic treatment alongside conventional platinum-based chemotherapy.
Journal
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MIR100 (MicroRNA 100) • MIR99A (MicroRNA 99a) • MIRLET7B (MicroRNA Let-7b) • TRIM7 (Tripartite Motif Containing 7)
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azacitidine
1m
Chemokine Profile Is Different in Normal Testis Compared to Seminoma - Especially in Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes. (PubMed, Anticancer Res)
The involvement of TILs in seminoma biology warrants further investigation, especially their role in the tumor micro-environment and pathogenesis. Chemokine and Ki-67 expression in TILs could serve as potential markers for assessing seminoma prognosis.
Journal • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
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CXCR4 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4) • CXCL12 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12) • CXCL13 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13) • CXCR5 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5)
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CXCL13 expression
2ms
Dysgerminomas: germ cell tumors exhibit high expression of PD-L1 and associated with high TILs and good prognosis. (PubMed, Sci Rep)
In addition, compared with PD-L1-negative yolk sac tissue, dysgerminomas/seminomas with high PD-L1 expression are associated with more genetic alterations and a better prognosis. Our findings will contribute to the knowledge about the potential benefits of ovarian cancer immunotherapy in specific subsets of germ cell tumor patients and the risk factors for resistance mediated by tumor microenvironment cells.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
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PD-L1 overexpression • PD-L1 negative
2ms
Cisplatin‑resistant germ cell tumor models: An exploration of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition regulator SLUG. (PubMed, Mol Med Rep)
Consistent with this finding, the NTERA‑2R mouse model demonstrated a significant upregulation in the expression levels of VIM and SLUG. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that SLUG may serve a crucial role in connecting EMT with the development of cisplatin resistance, and targeting SLUG may be a putative therapeutic strategy to mitigate cisplatin resistance.
Preclinical • Journal
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FN1 (Fibronectin 1) • VIM (Vimentin) • TGFB1 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1) • SNAI2 (Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 2)
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VIM expression
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cisplatin
2ms
SWENOTECA-ABC: Adjuvant Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEP) Versus Carboplatin in Stage I Seminomatous Testicular Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P3, N=348, Active, not recruiting, St. Olavs Hospital | Trial completion date: Dec 2035 --> May 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2035 --> May 2027 | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
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AFP elevation
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cisplatin • carboplatin • etoposide IV • bleomycin
2ms
SWOG-S1823: A Study of miRNA 371 in Patients With Germ Cell Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
P=N/A, N=956, Active, not recruiting, SWOG Cancer Research Network | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
Enrollment closed
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AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
2ms
Synchronous Seminoma of Testis and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas))
Chemotherapy with a Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin (BEP) regimen was carried out...Treatment with targeted therapy with Sunitinib was started because the risk was favourable according to the Heng criteria... According to the authors, the occurrence of synchronous primary tumours is linked to one's genetic predisposition. DNA sequencing of tumour tissue could provide more information on the corresponding aetiopathogenesis.
Journal
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STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11) • BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein 1) • CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) • MUTYH (MutY homolog)
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cisplatin • sunitinib • etoposide IV • bleomycin
2ms
Expression of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Rev Recent Clin Trials)
HSP90b is highly expressed in the majority of the types of testicular tumors, both in tumor and normal parenchyma specimens, while HSP90a staining is negative in resected specimens. Further well-designed studies are needed to elucidate the role of HSP90 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in testicular tumors.
Retrospective data • Journal
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HSP90AA1 (Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1) • HSP90AB1 (Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class B Member 1)
2ms
Pure Intertubular Seminoma (PITS) of the Testis: A Multi-institutional Cohort of a Rare Growth Pattern of Seminoma. (PubMed, Hum Pathol)
PITS can be clinically & pathologically inconspicuous, difficult to stage and liable to be misdiagnosed especially if presented with metastasis. Despite the inconspicuousness, PITS may represent an aggressive growth pattern of seminoma with the propensity for rete testis invasion.
Journal
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KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • SALL4 (Spalt Like Transcription Factor 4)
3ms
Association between glutathione S-transferases M1 expression and treatment outcome in germ cell tumor patients. (PubMed, Neoplasma)
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of germ cell tumors (GCTs)...Multivariate analysis showed that the prognostic value of GSTM1 was independent of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) score. These data revealed the prognostic value of GSTM1 in GCTs, with a high GSTM1 expression associated with worse outcomes, suggesting that GSTM1 could be responsible, in part, for treatment resistance in GCTs.
Journal
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GSTM1 (Glutathione S-transferase mu 1)
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GSTM1 expression
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cisplatin
3ms
Preliminary Evidence of the Possible Roles of the Ferritinophagy-Iron Uptake Axis in Canine Testicular Cancer. (PubMed, Animals (Basel))
Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs) showed only NCOA4 expression. These preliminary findings highlight potential molecular targets for developing new anti-neoplastic treatments in canine testicular tumors.
Journal
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NCOA4 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4) • TFRC • PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen) • FTH1 (Ferritin Heavy Chain 1)
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TFRC expression • PCNA expression
3ms
The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) involves in the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic implications of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Transl Cancer Res)
PD-L1 expression was observed in choriocarcinoma tumor cells, while yolk sac tumor and teratoma tumor cells exhibited lower or absent expression of PD-L1. Conversely, PD-L1 expression in TIICs was associated with seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, which was more commonly observed in TGCT patients with lower stages and better prognosis, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the application of immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory TGCT patients.
Retrospective data • Review • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
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PD-L1 expression
3ms
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Mediated Hypercalcemia in Seminoma. (PubMed, Am J Med Sci)
In all four cases that presented 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, the levels were elevated, suggesting seminomas are associated with 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D mediated hypercalcemia. Interestingly, one case was associated with increased 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased PTHrP levels, suggesting there may be multiple mechanisms of hypercalcemia in seminomas.
Review • Journal
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PTHLH (Parathyroid Hormone Like Hormone)
3ms
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals that the APP-CD74 axis promotes immunosuppression and progression of testicular tumors. (PubMed, J Pathol)
© 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Journal
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CD74 (CD74 Molecule)
4ms
Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse seminoma in horses: A case report. (PubMed, Reprod Domest Anim)
In the immunohistochemical examination, the neoplastic cells showed positive immunolabelling for OCT4 and C-KIT. In this report, the physical examination combined with the ultrasonographic examination were fundamental to the therapeutic management of the case, and the final diagnosis was made after histopathological and immunohistochemical tests.
Journal
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KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • POU5F1 (POU Class 5 Homeobox 1)
4ms
Testicular tumors in commercial boars with infertility: A gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical study. (PubMed, Vet Pathol)
This study suggests that testicular tumors in boars may be more common than previously reported, especially when microscopic examination is performed. It also shows that testicular tumors in pigs are predominantly seminomas.
Journal
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KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • PAX5 (Paired Box 5) • VIM (Vimentin)
4ms
Spermatocytic tumor with extensive lymphovascular invasion in a young male. (PubMed, Urol Case Rep)
Immunohistochemical staining was positive for SALL4 and CD117, negative for OCT4, AFP, and CD30. The patient underwent chemotherapy and remained recurrence-free for a year, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and long-term monitoring.
Journal
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KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • TNFRSF8 (TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 8) • POU5F1 (POU Class 5 Homeobox 1) • SALL4 (Spalt Like Transcription Factor 4)
4ms
Cellular Senescence in Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) and Other Histological Types of Testicular Cancer. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas))
Four (13.4%) patients suffered from teratoma and three (10%) from yolk sac tumors, while GCNIS senescence was detected in a range of 4.43 ± 1.78% and 3.76 ± 1.37%, respectively. Cellular senescence was detected in both germ cell neoplasia in situ and testicular cancer, but was more prevalent within the premalignant lesions.
Journal
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CDKN1A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A)
5ms
SWOG S1609: Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Rare Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2033 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2033 --> May 2026
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
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Opdivo (nivolumab) • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • ABP 206 (nivolumab biosimilar)
5ms
SWOG S1609: Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Rare Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> May 2033 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2033
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
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Opdivo (nivolumab) • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • ABP 206 (nivolumab biosimilar)
5ms
PD-L1 expression in testicular germ cell tumors undergoing spontaneous regression. (PubMed, Biomol Biomed)
Our results support an immunological mechanism of spontaneous tumor regression, with the strongest potential in testicular tumors containing seminoma components. However, further research is necessary to determine the role of PD-L1 ligand more precisely in the microenvironment of spontaneously regressed tumors.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
5ms
Pathogenesis and pathobiology of testicular germ cell tumours: a view from a developmental biological perspective with guidelines for pathological diagnostics. (PubMed, Histopathology)
Furthermore, primary extragonadal GCT of the retroperitoneum or mediastinum develop from misguided germ cells during embryonic development, and might be challenging to detect in small tissue biopsies due to their rarity at corresponding sites. This review article summarises the pathobiological and developmental aspects of the three different types of testicular GCT that can be helpful in the histopathological examination of tumour specimens by pathologists.
Review • Journal
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SOX2 • SOX17 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 17) • DMRT1 (Doublesex And Mab-3 Related Transcription Factor 1)
6ms
Pathological findings and differential diagnoses of lymph node diseases in slaughtered cattle in Brazil: A study of 2000 samples. (PubMed, Vet Pathol)
Other diagnoses included primary (T- and B-cell lymphoma) and metastatic neoplasms (squamous cell carcinoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, undifferentiated round cell tumor, mesothelioma, hepatic carcinoid, meningioma, and seminoma), actinogranulomas (pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis [actinobacillosis and actinomycosis]), idiopathic lymphadenitis (neutrophilic and/or histiocytic, granulomatous, and suppurative), and miscellaneous nonspecific lymphadenopathies (depletion/lymphoid atrophy, lymphangiectasia, erythrocyte drainage, parasitic eosinophilic lymphadenitis, follicular hyperplasia, and toxic granulomatous lymphadenitis). The combination of histopathology with complementary techniques is important for successful diagnosis, especially in complex cases of high epidemiological, economic, and zoosanitary importance, such as tuberculosis and EBL.
Journal
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CD79A (CD79a Molecule)
6ms
Molecular and epigenetic ex vivo profiling of testis cancer-associated fibroblasts and their interaction with germ cell tumor cells and macrophages. (PubMed, Matrix Biol)
Earlier studies showed that especially the 3D interaction of fibroblasts (FB) or macrophages with GCT cells influenced the growth behavior and cisplatin response as well as the transcriptome and secretome of the tumor cells, suggesting that the crosstalk of these cells with GCT cells is crucial for tumor progression and therapy outcome...Significance: The interaction of CAF with GCT and macrophages considerably influences the microenvironment. Thus, therapeutically interfering with CAF might slow-down progression of GCT and re-shaping of the microenvironment to a tumor-promoting environment.
Preclinical • Journal • Tumor cell
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LGALS3 (Galectin 3) • IGFBP1 (Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1) • LGALS3BP (Lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3-binding protein) • LYVE1 (Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1)
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cisplatin
6ms
Survival outcomes and molecular drivers of testicular cancer in hispanic men. (PubMed, Urol Oncol)
Cancer-specific survival is worse for Hispanic men with non-seminoma of the testicle. Somatic mutation analysis suggests no differences by ethnicity, though genetic ancestry is heterogeneous among patients identifying as Hispanic.
Journal
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53)
6ms
Higher expression of SALL4-A isoform is correlated with worse outcomes and progression of the disease in subtype of testicular germ cell tumors. (PubMed, Biomarkers)
SALL4-A isoform expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of TGCTs may be associated with histological differentiation. In the seminoma subtype of TGCTs, higher expression of SALL4-A may be used as a predictive indicator of poorer outcomes and prognosis.
Journal
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SALL4 (Spalt Like Transcription Factor 4)
6ms
Expression of CD44 is associated with aggressiveness in seminomas. (PubMed, Mol Biol Rep)
CD44 may exhibit diverse biological functions in seminomas and NSGCTs. The expression of CD44 in tumor cells as well as in tumor stroma fosters an aggressive phenotype in seminomas and should be considered in disease treatment.
Journal
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CD44 (CD44 Molecule)
6ms
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) Expression in Human Tumors: A Comparison with Pan-Cytokeratin and TROP2 in 14,832 Tumors. (PubMed, Diagnostics (Basel))
These data confirm EpCAM as a surrogate epithelial marker for adenocarcinomas and its diagnostic utility for the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas. In comparison to CKpan and TROP2 antibodies, EpCAM staining is particularly common in seminomas and in neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Journal
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EPCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule)
6ms
Analysis of MicroRNA-371-373 supports that a subset of spermatocytic tumors demonstrates biologic features similar to those of GCNIS-derived germ cell tumors. (PubMed, Hum Pathol)
Accordingly, this subset of tumors may behave aggressively and require close follow up. In the future, this opens an opportunity for microRNA testing in serum of spermatocytic tumor patients for risk stratification purposes.
Journal
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TP53 (Tumor protein P53)
7ms
NANOG controls testicular germ cell tumour stemness through regulation of MIR9-2. (PubMed, Stem Cell Res Ther)
This study provides new molecular insights into the role of NANOG as a key determinant of pluripotency in TGCTs through the regulation of MIR9-2-5p, a novel epigenetic modulator of cancer stemness. Our data also highlight the potential negative feedback mediated by MIR9-2-5p on NANOG expression, which could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TGCTs.
Journal
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NANOG (Nanog Homeobox)
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cisplatin
7ms
Longitudinal circulating tumor DNA monitoring for detection of molecular residual disease in patients with advanced germ cell tumors. (ASCO 2024)
Overall, ctDNA correlated with, and sometimes even preceded, traditional biomarkers and radiographic findings of disease progression. The ctDNA positivity of 2 patients in this cohort despite negative baseline AFP, B-HCG, and LDH, highlights the sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA for MRD compared to more traditional biomarkers. Serial monitoring of ctDNA offers valuable insights into germ cell tumor disease status, including presence of MRD, and there is a need for prospective studies to guide treatment escalation and de-escalation in germ cell tumors.
Clinical • Circulating tumor DNA • Metastases
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Signatera™
7ms
T cells in testicular germ cell tumors: new evidence of fundamental contributions by rare subsets. (PubMed, Br J Cancer)
Despite considerable heterogeneity between patients, T cell subtypes form a key part of the TGCT microenvironment. The novel finding of rare Treg and Tfh cells in human testis suggests their involvement in TGCT pathobiology, with implications for understanding tumor progression, to assess patients' prognosis, and as putative targets for personalized immunotherapy.
Journal
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
8ms
Gonadoblastoma: Clinicopathological study and literature review of 3 cases (PubMed, Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue)
Gonadoblastoma is a rare germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor, which is usually accompanied by gonadal hypoplasia. As a special subtype, dissecting gonadoblastoma will be easily confused with dysgerminoma/seminoma, but the prognosis is better. So we should improve the understanding of this subtype and avoid overdiagnosis.
Review • Journal
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SOX9 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9) • FOXL2 (Forkhead Box L2)
8ms
Familial syndromes associated with testicular and paratesticular neoplasms: a comprehensive review. (PubMed, Virchows Arch)
Additionally, an association between testicular sex cord stromal tumors and paratesticular sarcomas with Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and DICER1 syndrome, respectively, has been proposed as well. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between familial syndromes and associated testicular and paratesticular tumors, shedding light on their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics.
Review • Journal
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DICER1 (Dicer 1 Ribonuclease III)
8ms
Expression of Immunotherapy Target PRAME in Cancer Correlates with Histone H3 Acetylation and Is Unrelated to Expression of Methylating (DMNT3A/3B) and Demethylating (TET1) Enzymes. (PubMed, J Clin Med)
However, histone acetylation may be one of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in PRAME regulation. Thus, the therapeutic combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors and PRAME immunotherapy merits further investigation.
Journal • IO biomarker • Epigenetic controller
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DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 1) • PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen In Melanoma)
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PRAME expression
9ms
SEMS: Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Treating Patients With Testicular Seminoma (clinicaltrials.gov)
P=N/A, N=55, Active, not recruiting, University of Southern California | Phase classification: P2 --> P=N/A
Phase classification • Surgery • Metastases
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AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
9ms
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Is a Useful Marker for Sex-Cord-Stroma Tumors and Normal and Neoplastic Adrenocortical Tissue. (PubMed, Arch Pathol Lab Med)
A comparison with preexisting Melan-A (a melanocyte antigen) data revealed that StAR was more often positive in adrenocortical neoplasms and in Leydig cell tumors while StAR (but not Melan-A) was negative in Sertoli cell tumors. Our data provide a comprehensive overview on the patterns of StAR immunostaining in human tumors and suggest a diagnostic utility of StAR immunohistochemistry for supporting a diagnosis of Leydig cell tumors or of normal or neoplastic adrenocortical tissue.
Journal • Stroma
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MLANA (Melan-A) • STAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein)
9ms
Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Different Stages of Testicular Cancer (AUA 2024)
ctDNA status was found to be correlated with the different stages of testicular cancer. ctDNA may be used for tailoring treatment protocols to patients with negative/mildly elevated serum tumor markers and for treatment escalation/deescalation. Prospective studies with larger cohorts are necessary to validate these initial results.
Clinical • Circulating tumor DNA
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Signatera™
9ms
Influence of different pH milieu on the structure and function of human Aurora kinase B protein (AURK-B): Amalgamation of both spectroscopic and computational approach. (PubMed, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc)
More ordered conformation and compact structure was observed at this pH (pH 8.0) as compared to other pH values through molecular dynamics simulation studies (MDS). As AURK-B localizes itself in the intracellular compartment, this study may provide a clue about the role of different pH environments in enhancing cancer growth, proliferation, and invasion.
Journal
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AURKB (Aurora Kinase B)
10ms
Multiple bronchial carcinoids associated with Cowden syndrome. (PubMed, Endocrine)
Our patient is the first published case of Cowden syndrome, associated with multifocal pulmonary carcinoids. Besides multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, we propose Cowden syndrome as another hereditary condition predisposing to multiple pulmonary tumorlets and carcinoid tumours.
Journal
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PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • SSTR (Somatostatin Receptor)
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PTEN mutation
10ms
Functional paraganglioma, an uncommon cause of seminoma metastasis, diagnostic and therapeutic management. (PubMed, Rev Esp Enferm Dig)
Postoperatively, hypertension and norepinephrine blood levels were normalized. The histological report surprisingly showed a Seminoma (positivity for PLAP, OCT ¾, c-kit, MDM2) and the surgical margins were free.
Journal
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KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)
10ms
Predictive tissue markers in testicular germ cell tumors: Immunohistochemical expression of MLH1 and REV-7 proteins. (PubMed, Int Urol Nephrol)
Loss of MLH1 expression was only found to be significantly associated with lower patients' age. Positive immunohistochemical REV-7 expression was significantly associated with various clinicopathological parameters, while it was also associated with significantly lower survival and greater hazard. REV-7 positive percentages were significantly higher in patients with chemoresistant disease. Our findings imply that immunohistochemical staining for REV-7 could potentially be used as a predictive tissue marker for TGCT tumors. Moreover, targeting of REV-7 protein, could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant TGCT cases. The implementation of well-designed studies on a larger scale is of utmost importance, in order to draw safer conclusions. Additional studies are needed so as to draw safer conclusions.
Journal
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MLH1 (MutL homolog 1)
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cisplatin