The combination of STA551 and PD-L1 showed synergistic anti-tumor efficacy in a colon38-bearing human CD137 knock-in mouse model. Detailed mechanistic analysis showed that the combination of STA551 and PD-L1 induced highly activated CD8+T cells expressing chemokines and cytokines compared to monotherapy. This cluster also express chemokines, suggesting that other immune cells have been recruited.