These results reveal a relatively homogeneous epidemiological profile across the Latin American region and underscore the need for more multicenter studies to better characterize pH- MPNs in Ecuador and the region, to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies.

P4, N=76, Terminated, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> Feb 2026 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 --> Feb 2026; Sponsor Decision

Hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HMPB) nanozymes coloaded with hydroxyurea (HU) and thapsigargin (TG) are embedded within a poly(γ-glutamic acid) microneedle matrix, allowing localized and minimally invasive intratumoral delivery. This trimodal self-amplifying immune cascade enhances tumor immunogenicity, remodels the tumor immune microenvironment, and elicits potent local and systemic T cell-mediated antitumor responses. Collectively, this work establishes a nanozyme-microneedle-integrated strategy for the precise orchestration of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity.

The patient was stabilised with hydroxyurea and subsequently commenced on imatinib, achieving haematological remission, while supportive measures addressed the multisystem complications of MPS VI. This case highlights the need for vigilance in recognising malignancy in children with rare genetic disorders, the limitations of confirmatory testing in low-resource settings and the importance of multidisciplinary, individualised care when treatments for one condition may complicate the other.

P1, N=12, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Suspended --> Active, not recruiting

P4, N=50, Recruiting, Emory University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Dec 2025 --> Apr 2026

These results suggest that exosomes improve drug uptake and bypass drug resistance mechanisms, enabling dose reduction and minimizing side effects. This study introduces HU-Exo as a targeted and multifaceted drug delivery system capable of inhibiting breast tumor growth and metastasis, paving the way for the development of novel and combination therapies in the future.

She underwent leukapheresis, hydroxyurea for cytoreduction, and bortezomib-dexamethasone for myeloma. In elderly patients with cytopenias and monocytosis, thorough diagnostic workup is crucial. This case emphasizes the need for personalized therapy in complex hematologic overlap syndromes.

Knocking out Ptbp2 in CML cell lines and patient samples decreased Polk levels; when treated with hydroxyurea, these samples exhibited increased DNA damage, evidenced by long comet tails and elevated γH2AX foci, a DNA damage marker; however, re-expressing Polk in Ptbp2-KO cells restored the phenotype...Cells with high levels of Ptbp2 and Polk showed increased sister chromatid exchanges and BrdU incorporation in ex vivo tests, while multinucleated cells with multipolar spindles appeared in in vivo tests. Our results confirm the key role of the Ptbp2-Polk-MRE11 axis in promoting genomic instability and supporting the survival of cells with higher malignancy.

Patients with conditions that could confound MCV (hydroxyurea exposure, megaloblastic anemia, hypothyroidism, chronic liver disease, alcoholism) were excluded. MCV elevation during imatinib therapy is associated with deeper molecular response and reduced need for treatment modification. MCV dynamics may serve as an inexpensive pharmacodynamic marker to support risk assessment and guide monitoring in chronic-phase CML.

The patient was managed with cytoreductive therapy; initially, hydroxycarbamide and anagrelide, later transitioned to ruxolitinib, alongside lifelong anticoagulation. At six-month follow-up, he demonstrated improved LFTs, stable blood counts, and no recurrent thrombotic events, with ongoing surveillance for variceal bleeding. This case underscores the importance of considering BCS in patients with ET and hepatic abnormalities, screening for AvWS to balance thrombotic/bleeding risks, and utilizing a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach for optimal management.

P1, N=85, Active, not recruiting, Boundless Bio | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=127 --> 85