mercaptopurine

Propolis serves as a prospective chemotherapeutic adjuvant that enhances the anticancer efficacy of 6-MP and 5-FU, allowing dose reduction, minimizing toxicity, and potentially overcoming drug resistance in breast cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic use of this synergistic technique requires confirmation via pharmacokinetic profiling, extensive vivo research, and considered clinical trials.

These studies shows how these drugs can be loaded and off-loaded using the CTF-2 carrier. This study demonstrates the potential of CTF-2, which is an innovative and promising drug delivery carrier in the treatment of various diseases.

In conclusion, NUDT15 plays a more prominent role than TPMT in 6-MP-induced hematopoietic toxicity in Thai pediatric patients. Determining NUDT15 phenotypes is essential to ensure appropriate 6-MP dosage adjustments and to mitigate the risk of severe hematopoietic toxicity in this population.

However, the composite effects of these genetic variants remain unexplored at the global scale. Proper large-scale studies with multi-ethnic patients can provide a clear understanding of the TPMT/NUDT15 association and would pave the way towards the optimization of thiopurine drugs to achieve precision medicine.

Furthermore, the antimigratory effect of 6-mercaptopurine was reversed by TFF3 overexpression, confirming the functional specificity of this drug-target interaction. Notably, tumors with high TFF3 expression (TFF3hi) exhibited elevated resistance to PD-1 inhibitors but heightened sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors, suggesting a potential theranostic framework for ALNM stratification.

In the pre-biologic era, immunomodulators such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate (MTX) were widely used as first-line maintenance therapies in Crohn's disease. In light of evolving treatment goals that prioritize safety, cost-effectiveness, and individualized care, this editorial argues that MTX should no longer be viewed as a fallback but as a strategic first-line option in well-defined high-risk populations. The survey underscores a persistent gap between guidelines and real-world practice, reinforcing the urgent need for clearer algorithms and education to support the repositioning of MTX in modern Crohn's disease management.

P1/2, N=18, Completed, Kristoffer Rohrberg | Recruiting --> Completed | N=39 --> 18

Thiopurines such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are central to maintenance therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet their narrow therapeutic index frequently causes dose-limiting myelosuppression in genetically susceptible patients...Its affordability and minimal infrastructure requirements make it suitable for integration into routine pre-treatment workflows in India, enabling genotype-guided thiopurine dosing and reducing the risk of treatment-related toxicity. This assay supports a scalable path toward equitable implementation of pharmacogenomics in resource-limited pediatric oncology settings.

P1/2, N=276, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027

Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Hyper-CVAD) induction achieved morphological complete remission, but measurable residual disease (MRD) persisted. Consolidation with mini-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone (mini-CVD) and prednisone, vincristine, methotrexate, and 6-mercaptopurine (POMP) maintenance failed to eradicate MRD, and overt relapse occurred at month 7. Nelarabine salvage was initiated...Early molecular risk stratification and deployment of targeted agents, venetoclax-based combinations, or timely allogeneic transplantation should be considered before irreversible genomic complexity emerges. Prospective studies tailored to high-risk cytogenetic subsets of MPAL are urgently needed.

Multivariate analysis was performed, and the dosage was adjusted for age, sex, and mercaptopurine...Preemptive NUDT15 genotyping did not significantly reduce febrile neutropenia episodes in our cohort of pediatric patients with ALL, although it allowed a potential reduction in HR patients. Clinicians should consider preemptive testing, particularly in HR and VHR patient groups, to optimize ALL treatments and reduce adverse events.

The current guideline describes the gene-drug interactions for TPMT, NUDT15 and thiopurines (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine). For TPMT or NUDT15 IM treated for leukaemia, starting with the normal dose can be considered and then decrease the dose to the advised dose described above in case toxicities occur. For NUDT15 PM reduced starting dose is advised only if an alternative is not possible, due to a higher uncertainty in the calculated dose reduction for NUDT15 PM than for TPMT PM.DPWG classifies genotyping for TPMT and NUDT15 "essential" before thiopurine initiation.