PML-RARA fusion

Notably, demethylation therapy induced sustained complete remission in patients with refractory recurrent APL during experimental treatment. Our findings underscore the critical role of ALDH1A3 in leukemogenesis and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in APL.

All patients received induction therapy with all-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, or both...Elevated peak WBC, hypoalbuminemia, and lack of prophylactic corticosteroids are independent predictors of DS in APL patients. These findings underscore the importance of early risk stratification and preventive strategies to mitigate DS risk during induction therapy.

These findings suggest a unique enhancer and heterochromatin profile in APL, with implications for transcription regulation and treatment response. These findings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of APL.

This study underscores the molecular heterogeneity and distinct clinical course of TBL1XR1-RARB-positive vAPL. It highlights significant therapeutic challenges, including a high rate of primary resistance and relapse, and provides critical guidance for the management of this rare but clinically significant disease.

This study reinforces the effectiveness of ATRA-ATO-based regimens in managing paediatric APL. However, induction-related complications such as febrile neutropenia, transaminitis, and QTc prolongation highlight the need for vigilant monitoring and robust supportive care. Timely diagnosis and early initiation of therapy remain key to improving outcomes.

Functional studies showed that MALNC knockout impairs AML cell proliferation and colony formation, enhances ATRA-induced differentiation, and sensitizes cells to arsenic trioxide. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MALNC loss alters the expression of retinoic acid pathway genes, and chromatin binding studies showed that MALNC binds to genes related to the retinoic acid and Rho GTPase pathways. In conclusion, we have identified MALNC as a novel lncRNA that promotes leukemic cell proliferation, counteracts ATRA-induced differentiation, and modulates drug sensitivity in AML.

The attention maps also enhance the model's interpretability. Such a novel and rapid diagnostic approach for APL subtypes, which achieves high - precision identification and pixel - level visualization, holds significant clinical value.

Moreover, next generation sequencing (NGS) has not been incorporated in the routine diagnosis of leukemia-associated fusions. Hereby, we present a clinical APL case, reported negative by FISH, where PML-RARA fusion was detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) within 48 h, indicating the benefit of incorporating rapid NGS into the routine diagnostic management of acute leukemia patients.

CNS relapse in APL, though rare, requires high clinical suspicion, particularly in patients with FLT3-ITD mutations. Early diagnosis using imaging and CSF analysis, followed by prompt intrathecal therapy, is crucial for effective management. This case highlights the need for vigilance in monitoring high-risk APL patients for CNS complications and emphasizes the importance of early intervention to improve outcomes.

Nevertheless, issues such as insufficient complexity of the hematopoietic system and the absence of key genes still require careful consideration. This article describes the characteristics and application scenarios of these four model types, aiming to provide references for researchers to optimize model selection strategies and develop novel tools.

Genetic abnormalities have a role in the classification, prognosis, and treatment of AML patients. However, treatment outcomes in AML are influenced by multiple factors beyond genetics, including infection-related complications, nutritional status, socioeconomic conditions, supportive care infrastructure, and access to intensive chemotherapy and transplant services. Supportive care plays an important role in the treatment outcome of childhood AML.

The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has significantly improved the complete remission rate in APL, making it a highly treatable disease...This review provides an overview of the physiological role of retinoid nuclear receptor signaling in hematopoiesis, the pathological mechanisms of PML-RARα in APL, the pharmacological effects of ATRA/ATO, and the variant translocations identified in APL. We aim to provide innovative research perspectives and insights that may be applicable to other hematopoietic malignancies.