OS subgroup analysis showed comparable treatment effect by TAP score at 10% cutoff, CPS at cutoff 10, and TC score at 1% cutoff. TAP score and CPS at these cutoffs exhibited substantial concordance. Results indicate that the quicker, visually estimated TAP score and CPS may be interchangeable for clinical measurement of PD-L1 expression in patients with ESCC.

Combined paclitaxel/CKM regimen was safe, with desirable TME changes and preliminary indications of promising pCR+ypTmic of 66%, comparable to the combination of NAC with pembrolizumab.

Fourteen different articles showed that the use of cytokines and cancer vaccines revealed new possibilities to treat breast cancer with antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 (pembrolizumab), PI3K/Akt/mTOR (alpelisib and everolimus), CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor), PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase), and CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), and with representative relevance of changing in tumor microenvironment. Estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targets show also a high effectivity. In recent years, the release of new strategies has become promising, for changing the microenvironment and de-escalation of therapy based on tumor biology, novel biomarkers, and tumor spread.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy (EP) vs placebo plus EP as a first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC. The treatment exhibited an acceptable safety profile, supporting this combination regimen as a new treatment option for patients with ES-SCLC. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04012606.

Our findings provide a new molecular portrait of cell compositions associated with ICB resistance in patients with GCPM and aid in the prioritisation of therapeutic candidates to potentiate immunotherapy.

Neoadjuvant cadonilimab plus FLOT chemotherapy treatment exhibits promising efficacy with manageable toxicities in locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma, providing preliminary evidence for further investigation.

This study will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of the combination of immunochemotherapy and cryoablation as a first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC. Although it has a limited sample size, the findings of this study will be used in the future to inform the design of a fully powered, 2-arm, larger-scale study.

BACKGROUNDInhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase with ibrutinib blocks the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The addition of nivolumab significantly increased circulating NK and CD8+ T cells and increased CD8+ T cell proliferation. Exploratory analyses suggest that MDSC and T cell gene expression and TCR repertoire diversity were differentially affected by BTK inhibition according to patient response.CONCLUSIONIbrutinib and nivolumab were well tolerated and affected MDSC and T cell function in patients with solid metastatic tumors.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT03525925.FUNDINGNIH; National Cancer Institute Cancer; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Pelotonia.

Factors for improved PFS include early treatment, lower T stage, fewer metastatic sites, and lower pre-IBIL, post-GLOB, and post-CA125 levels. Nomogram models can help identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, providing valuable clinical guidance.

Notably, there was no difference in the incidence of immune-related AEs. In patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab, CRP flare-responders showed favorable oncological outcomes; therefore, BL CRP levels could predict oncological outcomes in CRP flare-responders.

Dose-dense chemotherapy regimens and the addition of carboplatin have been associated with an improvement in these response rates. Furthermore, immunotherapy, particularly pembrolizumab, has shown significant benefits in terms of recurrence-free survival...In conclusion, despite recent progress, TNBC remains a major clinical challenge. A better understanding of its biology and a personalized therapeutic approach are essential to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this aggressive form of breast cancer.

His resistance to trastuzumab was overcome after the addition of a PD-1 inhibitor, after which he received a durable response for more than 8 months. In HER2-positive, PD-L1-negative metastatic GC, the addition of PD-1 inhibitors after first-line chemotherapy and trastuzumab treatment resistance may be an option.

In the treatment of locally advanced NPC, a randomized phase III study showed equivalence of induction (ICT) and adjuvant therapy (AT; NCT03306121). PD-1 inhibitors have become established in the palliative therapy of NPC in recent years and could now also play an increasing role in curation: the phase III study "Dipper" showed a significantly better 3‑year event-free survival in patients adjuvantly treated with camrelizumab versus placebo after IT and definitive platinum-containing chemoradiotherapy (dRCT; 89% vs. 80%; NCT03427827). The phase III study "Beacon" showed complete remission in 30.5% of patients after IT with gemcitabine/cisplatin and the PD‑1 inhibitor tislelizumab (three cycles), a rate almost twice as high as with gemcitabine/cisplatin alone (NCT05211232). Intensification of dRCT in NPC using EGFR and VEGF inhibitors appears promising (NCT04447326). Abstracts on salivary gland and nasal and sinus cancers emphasize the importance of targeted therapies. In anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, the combination of a PD‑1 inhibitor and a CTLA4 inhibitor showed a 50% response.

Our real-world data indicate that combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade is most beneficial for patients with multi-organ metastasis, while those with oligo-organ metastasis fare better with PD-1 monotherapy. The underlying reasons for these observations-whether they are due to differences in the characteristics of multi- and oligo-metastatic melanomas or the risk-benefit profile of the therapies-remain to be elucidated. These findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach to treatment regimens for stage IV melanoma patients.

The results of this study offer insights into the real-world use of pembrolizumab as an adjuvant therapy for melanoma in Europe.

P2, N=33, Recruiting, North Eastern German Society of Gynaecological Oncology | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Apr 2025

P1, N=6, Recruiting, West China Hospital | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025

P1, N=98, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial primary completion date: May 2025 --> Dec 2024

P2, N=80, Recruiting, Fudan University

P2, N=43, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Center Hospital East | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Aug 2026

P=N/A, N=160, Recruiting, University Hospital, Montpellier | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=20, Recruiting, University of Florida | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=28, Completed, Yonsei University | N=18 --> 28

P1/2, N=316, Recruiting, Simcha IL-18, Inc. | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 --> Jun 2025

P1, N=26, Completed, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Apr 2025 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2025 --> Nov 2024

P1, N=78, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025

P1/2, N=37, Not yet recruiting, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins | Trial completion date: Jul 2031 --> Jan 2032 | Initiation date: Nov 2024 --> May 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2030 --> Jan 2031

P2, N=30, Recruiting, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University | N=50 --> 30 | Trial completion date: Oct 2029 --> Jun 2029 | Initiation date: Oct 2024 --> Jun 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2026 --> Jun 2026

P2, N=15, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | N=40 --> 15 | Trial completion date: Sep 2027 --> Nov 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2027 --> Sep 2024

The efficacy of nivolumab plus chemotherapy did not vary according to claudin 18.2 positivity. The clinical benefit of nivolumab plus chemotherapy over chemotherapy was consistently observed in claudin 18.2-positive and -negative gastric cancer cases.

P=N/A, N=14, Recruiting, Fudan University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1, N=74, Recruiting, Peking University

P2, N=603, Completed, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

P1/2, N=150, Recruiting, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

No iparomlimab-related death occurred. Iparomlimab presented encouraging antitumor activity with durable response and tolerable safety profile.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326829.

While combination therapies, including immunotherapies, have shown positive outcomes, immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and pembrolizumab have demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity. Additionally, targeting the c-MET pathway has proven effective in certain papillary RCC. Further research is warranted to establish optimal treatment strategies and improve outcomes for patients with non-clear cell RCC. Systemic therapy for non-clear cell RCC is complex and evolving. Further research is needed to delineate optimal treatment strategies for different histological subtypes and improve patient outcomes.

P2, N=29, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2026

P1/2, N=162, Recruiting, Bristol-Myers Squibb | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Oct 2025

Correlative studies include genomic characterization of tumors, assessment of immune infiltration of tumor microenvironment, and serial circulating cell-free DNA and immune biomarkers. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05795244.

All primary and secondary efficacy assessments demonstrate the consistent benefit of dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel. The improvements seen in survival and the manageable safety profile support the favorable benefit-risk profile for dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel in patients with dMMR/MSI-H primary advanced or recurrent EC.

Our analyses demonstrated the DFS and OS benefits of adjuvant ICIs for high-risk MIUC. Furthermore, patients with bladder cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy appeared to be the optimal candidates for adjuvant ICIs regarding prolonged DFS. Adjuvant ICIs are the standard of care for high-risk MIUC, and differential clinical behaviors and efficacy will enrich clinical decision-making.