Immune markers, particularly the CD8/CD4 ratio and CD56-positive lymphocytes, were significantly associated with survival outcomes independent of traditional histopathologic factors. Incorporating immune profiling into risk stratification may improve prognostication and guide the development of immune-targeted strategies in SNMM.
We developed a novel procedure to detect and characterize PD-L1 expression on CTCs, which was a feasible, non-invasive biomarker for potentially predicting the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy in advanced lung cancer, addressing tissue sampling limitations and enhancing patient stratification and monitoring.
Since 2022, immunotherapy is part of standard therapeutic strategy with pembrolizumab on the one hand, associated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab in patients with PD-L1 positive tumors (CPS≥1), and cemiplimab on the other hand, in patients who did not receive prior immunotherapy and progress after first line regardless of PD-L1 expression. Whenever possible, molecular screening and determination of HER2 status may allow orienting patients to clinical trials. Indeed, inclusion in investigational studies must be systematically considered and early supportive care is always recommended.
Although challenges remain, including delivery specificity, biosafety, biomarker standardization, and off-target effects, the convergence of circRNA biology and advanced nanotechnology presents a transformative opportunity to develop next-generation RNA-guided cancer immunotherapies. Together, these findings position circRNAs as both key mechanistic drivers of immune escape and promising therapeutic targets for nanomedicine-enabled precision immunotherapy.
P=N/A, N=40, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University