P1, N=78, Completed, Sanjay Mohan | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Sep 2024

Importantly, other types of cancer-associated SF3B1 mutations also inhibited mRNA nuclear export similarly, suggesting that it is common for cancer-associated SF3B1 mutation to inhibit mRNA nuclear export. Our research highlights the critical role of the THOC5-SF3B1 interaction in the regulation of mRNA nuclear export and provides valuable insights into the impact of SF3B1 mutations on mRNA nuclear export.

P1, N=60, Recruiting, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2027 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 --> Dec 2025

Clinical trials of XPO1 inhibitors, selinexor and eltanexor, in high-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) revealed responders were enriched with SF3B1 mutations. These targets were tested in vivo using Sf3b1K700E conditional knock-in mice, which showed that the combination of eltanexor and venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) had a preferential sensitivity for SF3B1 mutant cells without excessive toxicity. In this study, we unveil the mechanisms underlying sensitization to XPO1 inhibition in SF3B1-mutant MDS and preclinically rationalize the combination of eltanexor and venetoclax for high-risk MDS.

P1, N=16, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Dec 2024

Exportin-1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle. XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours. The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.

P1, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

P1, N=78, Active, not recruiting, Sanjay Mohan | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Sep 2024

P1/2, N=15, Terminated, Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited | N=59 --> 15 | Trial completion date: Mar 2024 --> Sep 2023 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; The study was stopped early because the sponsor decided to change the study-drug development strategy

Adjuvant treatment for Glioblastoma Grade 4 with Temozolomide (TMZ) inevitably fails due to therapeutic resistance, necessitating new approaches...We assessed TMZ, Methotrexate (MTX), and Cytarabine (Ara-C) (apoptosis inducers) combined with XPO1/Bcl-2/Mcl-1-inhibitors (apoptosis rescue) in GB cell lines and primary GB stem-like cells (GSCs)...TMZ, MTX, and Ara-C combined with E, V, and A evidenced highly lethal effects when combined. As no significant cell death induction in mouse brain slices was observed, we conclude that this drug combination is effective in vitro and expected to have low side effects in vivo.

We further identify synergy between KPT-330 and doxorubicin, a chemotherapy used in high-risk FHWT. Taken together, we identify XPO1 inhibition with KPT-330 as a potential therapeutic option to treat FHWTs and in combination with doxorubicin, leads to durable remissions in vivo.

P1/2, N=277, Active, not recruiting, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Dec 2024

P1, N=78, Active, not recruiting, Sanjay Mohan | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Mar 2024

P1, N=16, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Oct 2023 --> Jun 2024

P1/2, N=80, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

We have previously identified exportin 1 (XPO1) to be more highly expressed in breast cancers with acquired TAM resistance compared to TAM-sensitive counterparts and showed that a combination treatment of TAM with an XPO1 inhibitor, selinexor, is an effective method of tumor suppression in preclinical models. We did not observe weight changes in either model. Our findings suggest that eltanexor may be a relevant treatment for further exploration in the context of a TAM combination therapy for treatment of ER+ breast cancer.

These preclinical findings demonstrate that simultaneous inhibition of the menin-KMT2A interaction and nuclear export is a viable strategy for the treatment of MLL-r AML. Ongoing experiments with functional proteomic analysis will be presented at the ASH meeting.

The two XPO1 inhibitors (Selinexor and Eltanexor) included in our drug panel were within the four top-ranked compounds. This study offers valuable insights into the molecular and pathological mechanisms underlying t(6; 9)-AML, revealing a functional interaction between DEK-NUP214, XPO1 and FOXC1, and providing evidence to consider XPO1 inhibition as a potential new avenue to treat these patients.

Previous findings from a phase 2 clinical trial of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) relapsed or refractory to hypomethylating agents (HMA) revealed increased activity in patients with SF3B1 mutations...Using the Bliss independence model to calculate synergy, we identifed two drugs that greatly synergized with eltanexor specifically in the SF3B1 mutant cell lines: venetoclax (a BCL2 inhibitor), and navitoclax (a BCL2/BCL-XL inhibitor)...Our findings may also contribute to the development of potentially synergistic therapeutic combinations. In this regard, recent human data have shown that venetoclax can overcome the poor prognosis of spliceosomal mutant AML patients (Senapati et al, Blood 2023); therefore, combining eltanexor with venetoclax could represent a promising SF3B1-specific therapy.

P1/2, N=277, Active, not recruiting, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1, N=16, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Jun 2023 --> Oct 2023

P1/2, N=100, Not yet recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI)

In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CRM1 expression is associated with the prognosis of patients with ESCA following radiotherapy. The inhibition of CRM1 expression by the SINE inhibitor KPT-330 increases radiosensitivity and is potentially useful in a combination treatment strategy for esophageal cancers.

Eltanexor showed a stronger effect than Selinexor potently inducing PARP cleavage. Consistently with in vitro data, we observed that selinexor impaired tumor growth in vivo, both in EML4-ALK transgenic mice and in ALK TKI-resistant xenograft tumors in mice.ConclusionThese data support the therapeutic value of SINEs alone or in combination with ALK-TKIs for the treatment of ALK+NSCLCs, even after their loss of responsiveness to targeted therapy and regardless of their p53 mutational status.

In this study, XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 nanoparticles were combined with mitochondria-targeting lonidamine (TPP-LND) nanoparticles...Significantly, their combination increased the ratio of M1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)/M2 TAMs both in vitro and in vivo and increased the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, thus suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, this research revealed that nuclear export inhibition can synergistically enhance the prevention of mitochondrial damage to tumor cells, heightening the antitumor properties of TAMs, thereby providing a viable and safe therapeutic approach for the treatment of tumor metastasis.

P1, N=16, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Mar 2023 --> Jun 2023

We found that the exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors, selinexor and eltanexor, selectively kill tet2-mutant HSPCs. Selective killing of TET2-mutant HSPCs and human AML cells by these inhibitors was due to increased levels of apoptosis, without evidence of DNA damage based on increased γH2AX expression. The finding that TET2 loss renders HSPCs and AML cells selectively susceptible to cell death induced by XPO1 inhibitors provides preclinical evidence of the selective activity of these drugs, justifying further clinical studies of these small molecules for the treatment of TET2-mutant haematopoietic malignancies, and to suppress clonal expansion in age-related TET2-mutant clonal haematopoiesis.

P1, N=8, Completed, Kari Kendra | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1/2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Grupo Espanol de Investigacion en Sarcomas | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Apr 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2022 --> Apr 2023

Combining this treatment with the XPO1 inhibitor Selinexor (Sel) can ideally preserve the stabilized p53 in the nucleus, considerably enhancing the efficacy of HEN-463 and addressing Sel's drug resistance...In NPM1-mutant AML cells, decreased LAS1 expression promotes proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell cycle arrest. This suggests that it may be a therapeutic target for this kind of blood cancer, especially in patients over the age of 60.

Although XPO1 has a central role in cellular homeostasis, it is a good target for cancer therapy, as illustrated by the clinical success of the selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) selinexor...The second generation SINE eltanexor is also a covalent XPO1 inhibitor but has only minimal brain penetration and consequently lower toxicity in preclinical studies...Importantly, it shows potent efficacy in both an orthotopic U87 MG brain tumor xenograft model and a metastatic syngeneic ID8-fLuc ovarian cancer model with significant survival benefit as monotherapy. Altogether, these results demonstrate that FR-027 is a novel, reversible XPO1 inhibitor with important molecular and pharmacological characteristics that warrant further clinical development.

A second anti-PD-1, dostarlimab, received accelerated approval by the FDA and conditional marketing authorization by the European Medicines Agency in this group. The combination of pembrolizumab/lenvatinib for mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable endometrial cancer, including p53abn/CNH and NSMP/CNL, received accelerated FDA approval in conjunction with Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration and Health Canada in September 2019...Trastuzumab is National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) compendium listed for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive serous endometrial cancer, which is primarily within the p53abn/CNH subtype. In addition to hormonal therapy, maintenance therapy with selinexor (exportin-1 inhibitor) showed potential benefit in p53-wildtype cases in a subset analysis and is being investigated prospectively. Other treatment regimens being evaluated in NSMP/CNL are hormonal combinations with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and letrozole...Treatment de-escalation is being evaluated in POLEmut cases given its favorable prognosis with or without adjuvant therapy. Molecular subtyping has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, and should guide patient management and clinical trial design in endometrial cancer, which is a molecularly driven disease.

We relate this FOXO3-specific leukaemia-protective role to suppression of glycolysis based on integrated analysis of CRISPR-data and gene sets induced or suppressed by FOXO1 and FOXO3. Pan-FOXO agonist Selinexor induced the glycolysis inhibitor TXNIP and suppressed B-ALL growth at low dose (ID < 50 nM).

P1, N=100, Recruiting, University of Chicago | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2022 --> Jul 2024

Since selinexor has often demonstrated synergy when used in combination with other drugs, notably bortezomib and dexamethasone, a more comprehensive approach to uncover new beneficial interactions would be of great value. Mechanistically, we showed that ASB8 promotes selinexor-induced proteasomal degradation of XPO1. This study provides insight into the genetic factors that influence response to selinexor treatment and could support both the development of predictive biomarkers as well as new drug combinations.

The PDX model of penile cancer was a powerful tool for penile cancer research and new drug development. It showed that Selinexor can effectively inhibit penile cancer in vitro and in vivo. In addition, XPO1 may affect P53, P21, and Cyclin D1 expression to regulate the growth and apoptosis of penile carcinoma.

Two studies reported the proportion of patients with hypogammaglobulinemia: 0-15.3% in CLL and 5.9% in NHL (no studies reported hypogammaglobulinemia in MM). This review highlights cancer treatments contributing to infections and neutropenia, potentially related to SID, and shows underreporting of hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocytopenia before and during HM therapies.

Using a doxycycline- inducible pLKO-Tet-On vector, knockdown of eIF4E significantly enhanced the antiproliferative effects of selinexor, sensitized resistant MM cells to selinexor, and increased apoptosis in MM cells. These results suggest a synergistic anti-MM effects of selinexor combined with eIF4E inhibitors in vitro. Our work provides a better understanding of the potential mechanism of resistance to selinexor and a rationale for combining selinexor with eIF4E inhibitors for the treatment of MM.

P3, N=222, Recruiting, European Myeloma Network | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2023 --> Mar 2026

These results highlighted the therapeutic value of targeting XPO1 in overcoming sorafenib resistance. The combinational treatment of KPT-8602 and sorafenib might be an improved therapeutic option.