metformin

Metformin pretreatment significantly enhanced PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells and patient-derived organoids in ex vivo co-culture systems. Our findings establish the SLC5A11-AMPK-PD-L1 axis as a novel mechanism linking metformin to tumor immunity, providing a molecular rationale for combining metformin with checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy.

P3, N=132, Completed, Novo Nordisk A/S | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Clinical studies, however, have yielded mixed results, underscoring the complexity of metformin's effects and the need for rigorous investigation. This review highlights the multifaceted mechanisms by which metformin impacts tumor progression and discusses its promise and challenges as a therapeutic agent in cancer prevention and treatment.

P2/3, N=200, Not yet recruiting, University of Colorado, Denver | Initiation date: Oct 2025 --> Mar 2026

Moreover, troxerutin significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of PPARα and PPARγ, while the expression of FAS, SREBP-1c, TNF-α, and IL-6 genes were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated simultaneously in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver in a dose-dependent manner, compared to diabetic ct control rats. Troxerutin has considerable antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemic potential and thus could be safely used as an alternative therapeutic compound to the standard antidiabetic drug metformin.

We find that bedaquiline (ATP synthase inhibitor) outperforms oligomycin A in specificity, VLX600 (electron transport chain inhibitor) shows superior selectivity to rotenone/metformin, and CPI-613 (tricarboxylic acid cycle blocker) surpasses other glutaminase inhibitors. MitoATP-nFCM establishes a quantitative single-organelle platform that profiles elevated mitoATP levels in cancer cells and enables precision screening of OXPHOS-targeting inhibitors.

Metformin has shown robust benefits in reducing T2DM-related complications and potential in the antineoplastic setting. This review underscores the endocrine and inflammatory mechanisms linking T2DM to cancers of the female reproductive system and advocates for integrated clinical protocols that include early screening and individualized management in diabetic women.

In vivo studies support these findings, showing increased FoxO3a and decreased survivin in brain tissue sections from metformin-treated mice compared with untreated controls. These results suggest new possibilities for repurposing MET as an adjuvant treatment for GB.

Metformin combined with progesterone exerts excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of early EC. It can significantly reduce serum tumor marker levels and BMI, and decrease the occurrence of adverse reactions.

P1, N=22, Completed, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jan 2026

However, LSae hydrogel group 1 had a faster effect, a significant expression of VEGF (64.00 ± 17.08 positively stained cells) and (95.73 ± 2.4% wound contraction). It could be concluded that LSae hydrogel is a promising formulation for effective rapid management of diabetic wounds.

P1/2, N=54, Recruiting, Fudan University