Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by PCL due to its clinical and radiological resemblance to mesothelioma and underscores the essential role of immunohistochemistry in establishing an accurate diagnosis. Increased awareness of this entity is critical for appropriate patient management and guiding future therapeutic strategies.

P2, N=65, Completed, University of Chicago | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1/2, N=42, Not yet recruiting, AstraZeneca AB

P2, N=140, Suspended, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Dec 2026

This case underscores the importance of considering MPM in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion in young adults, even in the absence of asbestos exposure. Early pleural biopsy and immunohistochemical evaluation are essential to avoid diagnostic delay, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic settings.

Our findings highlight that circulating miR-21 is a potential non-invasive biomarker with both diagnostic and independent prognostic value in pleural mesothelioma and outperforms SMRP in multivariable survival analysis. Further research is warranted to validate its role in the biology of this disease and to assess its correlation with outcome and treatment responses.

Collectively, our results indicate that BAP1 and USP1 appear to regulate FANCD2 through distinct, context-dependent mechanisms, with USP1 primarily influencing FANCD2 expression and BAP1 modulating FANCD2 function at the post-translational level. Together, these findings identify USP1 as a context-dependent therapeutic vulnerability in BAP1-deficient mesothelioma and support a working model in which USP1-dependent maintenance of FANCD2 function becomes critical in the absence of functional BAP1.

After EGFR-targeted NIR-PIT, histological analysis demonstrated cancer cell death which significantly suppressed tumor growth in both tumor models and significantly extended survival in NCI-H226 tumor-bearing mice. Thus, these results suggest that EGFR-targeted NIR-PIT could be a promising treatment approach for MPM.

P1/2, N=117, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2027

These findings underscore the heterogeneity of PM tumors and highlight the critical role of B cells and TLS in shaping anti-tumor immunity and influencing patient prognosis.

It critically evaluates the translational potential of emerging approaches, including arginine deprivation therapy for argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1)-deficient tumors, CAR-T cells, T-cell receptor fusion constructs, and oncolytic virotherapy. By integrating these innovative modalities with biomarker-guided patient selection, this review delineates a roadmap for transitioning MPM management from empirical therapy toward precision immuno-oncology, with the ultimate goal of achieving durable disease control in this challenging malignancy.

P=N/A, N=110, Not yet recruiting, University of Kansas Medical Center