IGF1 elevation

This study shows the complex management of acromegaly. Disease control is a necessary condition in order to avoid complications, but is often difficult to obtain.

Our findings demonstrate the presence and activity of the IGF system in the local tumor ecosystem, which is likely a characteristic feature of malignant disease and plays a role in its peritoneal dissemination. The potential clinical implications are supported by our finding that serum levels of the proteins are associated with patient prognosis.

There was a U-shaped trend between IGF-1 and new-onset NAFLD in patients with PitNET. Further evaluation of our discoveries is warranted.

This article reviews the latest research progress on the relationship between thyroid cancer and diabetes, including the association between diabetes and the risk of developing thyroid cancer, its underlying mechanisms, and potential anti-thyroid cancer effects of hypoglycemic drugs. It providing novel strategies for the prevention, treatment, and improving the prognosis of thyroid cancer.

The prolonged elevation of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels caused by acromegaly may lead to abnormalities in the SD rat's PI3K-Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway, subsequently resulting in hyperphosphorylation of hippocampal tau protein and cognitive impairment.

The intricate interplay among IGF-1R, IGF-1, and GM-CSF highlights potential therapeutic targets for precise control of NPC bone metastasis, providing valuable insights for developing targeted interventions.

Lastly, it is noteworthy that a discernible inverse relationship trend was observed in the levels of adipocytokines and IGFs 6 months post-surgery. This indicates that treatment for endometrial cancer may have a differential impact on adipocytokines and IGFs, potentially holding clinical significance that merits further investigation.

Available data suggests that a diet emphasizing fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, while restricting milk and dairy intake-similar to the Mediterranean dietary pattern-might mitigate cancer incidence. However, further research is crucial to elucidate the precise role of dairy products in overall cancer risk.

Measurement of both GH and IGF-I remains an essential component of diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment in acromegaly; however, treatment goals based only on previously identified absolute thresholds are not appropriate without taking into account the assay and reference ranges being employed. Treatment goals should be individualized considering biochemical improvement from an untreated baseline, symptoms of disease, risks, burdens and costs of complex treatment regimens, comorbidities, and quality of life.

Elevated serum levels of sCD163, FoxP3 and IGF-1 are associated with the diagnosis of LSCC. IGF-1 appears to be the most promising indicator for the LSCC progression.

Early recognition and diagnosis of NICTH are crucial in patients with recurrent hypoglycemia and large tumors. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment option, but supportive care and pharmacological interventions, such as glucocorticoids and growth hormone, can help manage refractory hypoglycemia. Further research is needed to explore novel treatment options, including anti-IGF-I and -IGF-II neutralizing antibodies.

The risk of malignancies, especially thyroid cancer, was increased in patients with acromegaly in our center. More cancer screening should be considered when managing acromegaly, especially in patients with higher posttreatment GH and IGF-1.

We also examined which kinase signaling pathways might be mediating these effects and found that while AKT inhibition did not alter the pattern of IEG expression, both ERK and JAK2 inhibition significantly decreased IEG expression. These results begin to define the molecular effects of combining CEPO and IGF-1 and indicate the potential for these trophic factors to produce positive, synergistic effects.

Elevated IGF-1 seems to be related to hypothalamic dysfunction worsening over time. Larger prospective cohort studies are needed.

Additionally, elevated IGF1R expression promotes NK cell expansion and enhances its functional activation, thereby inhibiting AML cell proliferation. Collectively, these findings highlight the clinical potential of IGF1R in the effective treatment of AML through the activation of NK cell proliferation and function and suggest that it may represent a potential predictive marker of AML prognosis.

Conformal or stereotactic radiotherapy may be discussed on a case-by-case basis, especially in case of drug inefficacy or poor tolerance. Acromegaly should be managed by a multidisciplinary team, preferably within an expert center such as a reference or skill center for rare pituitary diseases.

Case description: A 66-year-old man with a history of stage IV colon cancer presented to the hospital due to breathlessness while receiving chemotherapy (Bevacizumab plus FOLFOX4)...Dexamethasone 10 mg daily was started, and BG were maintained > 70mg/dl without dextrose infusion...Neoadjuvant therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy may reduce occurrences of hypoglycemia, but only temporarily. Glucocorticoids may be used when the underlying malignancy cannot be treated.

A subsequent CT adrenals demonstrated a 12.8 x 13.2 x 10.6cm left adrenal mass and she failed a 1mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test. This is a rare case of ACC secreting multiple hormones, resulting in post-menopausal bleeding and IGF-2 mediated hypoglycaemia.

Descriptions of this rare tumor are limited to case reports; its pathogenesis is not well understood, though it has been posited they represent a stem cell tumor with multilineage differentiation. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of this subtype and encourage a comprehensive immunohistochemical workup for accurate classification of PitNETs.

Conclusions. This review highlights the potential of IGF-1 and IGF-1R inhibitors in pain management, but further research is needed to fully understand their efficacy and potential side effects.

Furthermore, metformin was observed to enhance adriamycin's effects in a murine xenograft model. Metformin enhanced OS cell sensitivity to cytotoxic agents via the IGF-1R/miR-610/FEN1 signalling axis, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant during chemotherapy.

Patient was started on low dose cabergoline in caution of prevention of possibility of rapid response-related significant volume contraction of the tumor with possibility of reactive edema...Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.*

Discharge medications were hydrocortisone 10 mg AM and, 5 mg early afternoon and levothyroxine 50 mcg daily. This case demonstrates the potential for PitNETs to secrete multiple biologically active pituitary hormones, including prolactin, TSH and GH, highlighting the importance of maintaining an index of suspicion for pituitary causes in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis and of considering the plurihormonal potential of PitNETs in patients presenting with multiple endocrinopathies.*Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO must not be released to the press or the public until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference.

He commenced on low dose cabergoline (0.5mg/week) and two months later clinical improvement was noted, accompanied by a marked reduction of prolactin (830ng/mL) and tumor shrinkage... The differential diagnosis of large skull base tumors, particularly those affecting sellar/clival regions, must always include prolactinoma, hence serum prolactin should be measured keeping in mind the possible occurrence of hook effect. Most giant prolactinomas respond to dopamine agonists, which should be considered as a first-line therapy, with marked reductions in both prolactin and tumor size often seen within the first weeks of treatment. GH-cosecretion may also ameliorate/normalize with dopamine agonists.

Repeat 24h urine cortisol and midnight salivary cortisol levels were elevated; dexamethasone suppression test was positive... This case highlights the rare coexistence of acromegaly and adrenal Cushing's disease in a 50 year old woman. Though the relationship between acromegaly and cancer has been historically controversial, more recent studies have shown an increased risk of both benign and malignant tumors with acromegaly. Untreated Cushing's Disease has been associated with mildly elevated IGF1 which then decreases after remission; it is unclear if the same pathological process is involved in other etiologies of hypercortisolemia like adrenal Cushing's syndrome, but re-evaluation of IGF1 after treatment of Cushing's should be considered.

First line medical therapy consists of first-generation injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) (octreotide LAR, lanreotide autogel)...If IGF-1 levels do not normalize, pasireotide or pegvisomant can be tried...Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.*

He was then started on octreotide 50 mcg TID and eventually transitioned to Sandostatin depot 20 mg intergluteal injection every 4 weeks... Acromegaly is often missed due to the insidious onset of physical changes that are observed. Literature review reveals only two other cases of acromegaly related NICM resulting in cardiogenic shock, in which only one patient received an emergent heart transplant. When recognized early, patients can be treated surgically and or/medically before irreversible changes occur.

We present a case of a testicular Leydig cell tumor that presented as peripheral precocious puberty marked by low gonadotropins and elevated testosterone with ultrasound findings of a vascular mass with testicular artery feeding branch in the periphery. Early detection of a Leydig cell tumor is crucial as it can be treated by enucleation thus salvaging the testes.*Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO must not be released to the press or the public until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins.

Patient is waiting for a second surgery via craniotomy and, given the SG finding on histology, pasireotide therapy will be offered...Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.*

Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.*

The patient was admitted to the ICU and IV dextrose was initiated.As Liposarcomas are known to be associated with Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), treatment with Prednisone was started... Proinsulin level is usually suppressed in IGF-2 mediated hypoglycemia. Our case is unusually associated with high Proinsulin level. One hypothesis is the possible structural similarities leading to lab assay interactions between Proinsulin and "Pro-IGF-2", which is thought to be one of the main molecules responsible for hypoglycemia in this condition.

Furthermore, the LIN28-Let7 axis mediates the NF-κB-IL-6-STAT3 amplification loop, activated LIN28-Let7 axis up-regulates RAS, AKT, IL-6, IGF-1/2, IGF-1R, Myc, and PD-L1, plays pivotal roles in IGF-1R activation and Myc, NF-κB, STAT3 concomitant activation. Therefore, based on a detailed mechanisms review, our article firstly reveals that IL-6, EGFR, and LIN28/Let7-related mechanisms mediate PD-L1 and IGF upregulation in HNSCC, which comprehensively influences immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment, and might be fundamental for overcoming therapy resistance.

These results could have important clinical implications for planning customized strategies aimed at modulating IGF-1 levels in BC survivors. In fact, while the IGF-1 system seems to be much more compromised in subjects with a diagnosis of MetS, in noMetS subjects, IGF-1 levels could better respond to lifestyle changes.

This review focuses on these studies and describes some of the most common genetic models used to alter activity of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in experimentally induced carcinomas. A recurring theme that emerges from these studies is that manipulations that reduce the activity of growth hormone or mediators of growth hormone action also inhibit carcinogenesis in multiple model systems.

After surgery he was started on cabergoline 0.5mg PO twice weekly...However, it has been suggested that sparse cytoplasmic stores of GH do not parallel the hypersecretion of GH and may reduce staining capacity. Thus, a diagnosis of acromegaly should be made in patients with clinical and biochemical findings, even in the absence of GH immunostaining.

He was started on prednisone 20 mg daily with subsequent normalization of glucose levels...This case highlights an atypical presentation of IGF-2 mediated hypoglycemia in the setting of two large spindle cell neoplasms, with resolution of hypoglycemia after resection of the larger liver mass. This case calls attention to despite there being multiple spindle cell tumors, removal of the larger sized tumor might assist in resolution of hypoglycemia.

Radiosurgery (CyberKnife) is a safe and effective technique in the adjuvant treatment of GH-producing tumors. Elevated levels of IGF x ULN before radiosurgery and invasion of the cavernous sinus by the tumor could be predictors of biochemical non-remission of acromegaly.