Through both in vitro and in vivo experiments along with the erastin treatment, we discovered that increased expression of IDH2 confers resistance to ferroptosis in breast cancer cells. By employing Western blot analysis, Co-IP techniques, and immunofluorescence staining methods, we elucidated the upstream molecular mechanism involving SENP1-mediated SIRT3 de-SUMOylatase, which enhances IDH2 enzyme activity through deacetylation, thereby regulating cell ferroptosis. In conclusion, our study highlights the role of the SENP1-SIRT3 axis in modulating ferroptosis via IDH2 in breast cancer cells, providing valuable insights for developing targeted therapies aimed at enhancing ferroptosis for improved management of breast cancer.

P1, N=8, Recruiting, Hutchmed | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

The cost of ENA would need to be decreased by 72% to be cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/QALY. Our findings suggest that ENA is unlikely to be a cost-effective treatment for older patients with IDH2-mutant R/R AML under current pricing.

P1, N=8, Not yet recruiting, Hutchmed

P1, N=48, Not yet recruiting, Katy Peters, MD, PhD | Trial completion date: Aug 2027 --> Aug 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Aug 2027

Patients testing negative for IDH2m prior to transplant had low relapse-related death, regardless of conditioning intensity. Post-transplant relapse rates for those with persistently detectable IDH2m in pre-transplant remission were lower after the FDA approval of enasidenib in August 2017.

No abstract available

P1, N=90, Active, not recruiting, Hutchmed | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Mar 2025

"Thermo Fisher Scientific...has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its Ion Torrent Oncomine Dx Target Test as a companion diagnostic (CDx) to identify patients eligible for treatment with Servier Pharmaceuticals, LLC’s VORANIGO (vorasidenib) tablets. VORANIGO is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with Grade 2 astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma with a susceptible IDH1 or IDH2 mutation following surgery including biopsy, sub-total resection or gross total resection...Today’s approval expands clinical indications for the Oncomine Dx Target Test, which is currently approved and reimbursed by government and commercial insurers in 19 countries, including the U.S., Japan, South Korea and countries across Europe and the Middle East, covering more than 550 million lives globally."

Collectively, these reports highlight wild-type IDH2 as a promising therapeutic target, with potential applications as a two-edged sword in both cancer treatment and immunotherapy. The development of specific wild-type IDH2 inhibitors could offer new avenues for therapy, particularly in tumors reliant on IDH2 activity as well as in enhancing the effectiveness of CAR T cell therapies.

No abstract available

P2, N=15, Recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

In the EU and other countries worldwide, regulatory review of vorasidenib in IDH-mutant glioma is currently underway. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of vorasidenib leading to this first approval for glioma.

P1/2, N=17, Active, not recruiting, Stanford University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=48 --> 17 | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Apr 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Jan 2025

P3, N=968, Active, not recruiting, Stichting Hemato-Oncologie voor Volwassenen Nederland | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: May 2034 --> Sep 2034 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Apr 2027

P1/2, N=84, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025

P2, N=50, Completed, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Notably, the patient experienced diffuse hair regrowth on the scalp, including in areas affected by severe androgenetic alopecia. This report holds significance as it highlights a previously unreported side effect, thereby enhancing our understanding of emerging therapies for brain tumors and their associated adverse reactions.

P3, N=968, Recruiting, Stichting Hemato-Oncologie voor Volwassenen Nederland | Trial completion date: Mar 2033 --> May 2034 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2023 --> Oct 2024

IDH1/2 mutations occur in ~20% of AML cases, are recognized among the mutations earliest acquired during leukemogenesis, and are targets of specific inhibitors (ivosidenib and enasidenib, respectively). In line with this observation, the CD34+ leukemic precursors isolated from a patient with IDH2-mutated AML at baseline and during enasidenib treatment showed progressive and marked improvements in their fitness over time, in terms of CFU ability and propensity to differentiate. They attained clonal trilinear reconstitution of hematopoiesis and complete hematological remission.

A complete understanding of the mechanisms by which IDH mutations influence the development of leukemia, as well as the processes that enable resistance to mIDH inhibitors, may significantly improve the efficacy of this therapy through the use of an appropriate synergistic approach. The aim of this literature review is to present the role of IDH1/IDH2 mutations in the pathogenesis of AML and the results of clinical trials using mIDH1/IDH2 inhibitors in AML and to discuss the challenges related to the use of mIDH1/IDH2 inhibitors in practice and future prospects related to the potential methods of overcoming resistance to these agents.

P1, N=4, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=15 --> 4

P1, N=95, Completed, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Mar 2024 --> Jun 2024

P2, N=15, Not yet recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Sep 2026 | Initiation date: Jun 2024 --> Sep 2024 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> Aug 2026

P1, N=36, Recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Phase classification: P1b --> P1

This is corroborated by non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis and DFT calculations. Whereas the MD simulations show a loss of one hydrogen bond upon the resistance mutation, NCI and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) reveal that a multitude of interactions are weakened.

A phase III clinical trial of an IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitor vorasidenib yielded promising results among patients with low-grade IDH-mutant gliomas who had undergone initial surgery and no radiation or chemotherapy...In this review, we discuss the importance of IDH mutations in oncogenesis of adult-type diffuse gliomas and current evidence supporting the use of IDH inhibitors as therapeutic agents for glioma treatment. We also examine unresolved questions and propose potential directions for future research.

P1/2, N=45, Not yet recruiting, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier

P1, N=35, Recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | N=15 --> 35 | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jan 2027

P1, N=200, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Trial completion date: May 2024 --> May 2025

P1, N=260, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Trial completion date: May 2024 --> May 2025

P3, N=316, Recruiting, Hutchmed | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

In this study, novel substituted 1,3,5-triazine candidates (4a-d, 5a-j, and 6a-d) were designed as second-generation small molecules to act as dual IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors according to the pharmacophoric features of both vorasidenib and enasidenib...Moreover, compounds 4c, 5f, and 6b described the frontier antitumor activity against THP1 and Kasumi Leukemia cancer cells with IC50 values of (10 and 12), (10.5 and 7), and (6.2 and 5.9) µg/mL, which were superior to those of cisplatin (25 and 28) µg/mL, respectively...Besides, the in vivo behavior of compound 6b as an antitumor agent was evaluated in female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma tumors. Notably, compound 6b administration resulted in a prominent decrease in the weight and volume of the tumors, accompanied by improvements in biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters.

Selective inhibitors of mutant IDH, such as ivosidenib and vorasidenib, have been shown to reduce D-2-HG levels and induce cellular differentiation in preclinical models and to induce MRI-detectable responses in early clinical trials. In this Review, we describe the pathway of development of IDH inhibitors in IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas from preclinical models to clinical trials. We discuss the practice-changing implications of the INDIGO trial and consider new avenues of investigation in the field of IDH-mutant gliomas.

P1, N=72, Recruiting, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Feb 2025

P3; Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P3, N=316, Not yet recruiting, Hutchmed

P2, N=68, Active, not recruiting, Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Feb 2023 --> Mar 2026

Furthermore, mutations in NOTCH1 are associated with decreased astrocytic differentiation and may limit the response to IDHi. Our study highlights the differentiating potential of IDHi on the cellular hierarchies that drive oligodendrogliomas and suggests a genetic modifier that may improve patient stratification.

In multivariable analyses, RAS and RTK pathway mutations were significantly associated with decreased overall survival, after adjusting for treatment arm, IDH2 variant, and mutational burden. Importantly, enasidenib-mediated survival benefit was more pronounced in patients with IDH2-R172 variants.

This current investigation aimed to assess enasidenib on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of CYP substrates, including dextromethorphan (CYP2D6 probe drug), flurbiprofen (CYP2C9 probe drug), midazolam (CYP3A4 probe drug), omeprazole (CYP2C19 probe drug), and pioglitazone (CYP2C8 probe drug), in patients with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome. The parameters for omeprazole increased by 1.86 (90% CI: 1.33, 2.60) and 1.47 (0.93, 2.31)-fold, respectively, compared to omeprazole alone, while those for pioglitazone decreased to 0.80 (90% CI: 0.62, 1.03) and 0.87 (90% CI: 0.65, 1.16)-fold, respectively, in comparison to pioglitazone alone. These findings provide valuable insights into dose recommendations concerning drugs acting as substrates of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2C8 when administered concurrently with enasidenib.

Overall, this work provides preclinical evidence for the use of enasidenib to treat mIDH2 chondrosarcomas.