HR positive

Although patients with SPBC have worse prognostic tumor characteristics, OS and CSS rates are better than patients with MPC.

For node-positive disease, HER2+ tumors and triple-negative tumors, chemotherapy had a positive influence on OS (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.93, p = 0.0012). Histology did not have a significant impact on the 5-year OS of early stage breast cancer patients.

This review highlights the five primary subtypes of breast cancer, provides a brief history of immunotherapy, evaluates the current landscape of treating breast cancer with immunotherapy, analyzes selected ongoing or recently completed immunotherapy clinical trials for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative breast cancer, and examines future trends for the treatment of breast cancer with immunotherapeutic techniques. This review provides a formal summary categorized by breast cancer subtype rather than types of immunotherapeutic treatment.

TILs in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) display ambiguous prognostic significance, necessitating further investigation. Standardizing TIL assessment methods is crucial for unlocking their full potential as biomarkers, guiding treatment decisions, and enhancing patient care in BC.

In the time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model, the effect of abemaciclib was consistent at the full dose compared to being reduced to a lower dose (IDFS hazard ratio: 0.905; 95% confidence interval: 0.727, 1.125; DRFS hazard ratio: 0.942; 95% confidence interval: 0.742, 1.195). These analyses showed that the efficacy of adjuvant abemaciclib was not compromised by protocol mandated dose reductions for patients with node positive, hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor 2-negative, high-risk early breast cancer.

In 2L, 12 of the 21 (57.1%) patients received CDK4/6i + ET, of which 58.3% received abemaciclib. The two-year overall survival (95% CI) was 97.4% (92.4, 100.0), and the median (range) follow-up was 28.7 (3.4-67.6) months. Despite the limitations inherent in real-world studies and a limited number of patients, these AI-extracted data complement previous studies, demonstrating the effectiveness of CDK4/6i + ET in the Canadian real-world 1L, with most patients receiving palbociclib as CDK4/6i in 1L.

P2, N=21, Terminated, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Phase classification: P=N/A --> P2 | N=51 --> 21 | Recruiting --> Terminated; COVID 19 outbreak and manpower issues

These results suggest that although HER2-low BC has a poor response to NACT, it is correlated with favorable OS and DFS after NACT in the overall cohort as well as longer DFS in the HR-positive group.

Low-dose apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine demonstrates potential efficacy and well tolerated for pretreated HER2-negative mBC.

P1/2, N=51, Recruiting, Advanced Accelerator Applications | N=86 --> 51 | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 --> Dec 2026

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In patients with heavily pretreated advanced HR+/HER2- BC and TNBC, Dato-DXd demonstrated promising clinical activity and a manageable safety profile. Dato-DXd is currently being evaluated in phase III studies.

Although the AEs of palbociclib and abemaciclib affected the treatment considerably, the treatment duration and RDI were similar. CDK4/6 inhibitors should be selected based on the tolerability and manageability of each AE.

While there is interest in applying local therapies to OM and OP breast cancer, the current randomized data does not back the routine use of surgery or SBRT, particularly when considering the potential for treatment-related toxicities. Future research should refine patient selection through advanced imaging and possibly explore these therapies specifically in patients with hormone receptor-positive or HER2-positive disease.

The downregulation of SOX2OT in TAMR breast cancer indicates its involvement in resistance mechanisms. Further studies should explore the intricate interactions between SOX2OT, SOX2, and TME in breast cancer subtypes.

We summarized the ctDNA and cancer tissue mutational landscape, including overall neoplastic burden and PIK3CA and ESR1 hotspot mutations in abemaciclib-treated patients with HR+/HER2- MBC. The data provide insights that could help optimize treatment strategies in this population.

Our findings suggest that SLNB can be a reliable option for nodal status evaluation in selected patients who have responded well to NAST, especially in HER2+ and TNBC patients who show a complete MRI response.

Breast cryoablation for palliative and curative treatment of breast cancer has been performed for decades. Although there is a recent resurgence of interest in breast cryoablation with curative intent for unifocal, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer, this report highlights the essential role that cryoablation can play in the palliative treatment of multicentric oestrogen and progesterone receptor-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (triple-negative) breast cancer, meeting the select pretreatment objectives such as breast or nipple pain relief and prevention of tumour erosion through the skin or nipple in patients who have failed or cannot tolerate the standard of care treatment.

Among T2N1M0 stage HR + /HER2- patients, OS and BCSS of NACT were inferior to ACT. Patients who attained non-pCR after NACT demonstrated significantly worse survival outcomes compared with those who received ACT.

The addition of palbociclib to ET was effective for treating HR+/HER2- ABC in Japanese routine clinical practice.

Until 2023, fulvestrant was the only approved SERD; fulvestrant is administered intramuscularly, and in some cases may also have limited efficacy in the setting of certain ESR1 mutations. Elacestrant's recent approval sheds light on the use of biomarkers such as ESR1 to gauge a tumor's endocrine sensitivity. Ongoing therapeutic and correlative biomarker studies will offer new insight and expanding treatment options for patients with advanced breast cancer.

Furthermore, the mechanism of action was shifted from cytotoxic to explicitly cytostatic with detectable proliferation arrest and accelerated aging, characterized by senescence-associated phenotype of TNBC cells. This study provides valuable insights into the development of hybrid therapeutics against TNBC.

Our preliminary results suggest that gene expression profiling holds more weight than nodal status in determining adjuvant therapy. Our study is limited by sample size, and data collection is still ongoing. Premenopausal patients were included for the purpose of this report, but ultimately will be evaluated separately from postmenopausal patients, as in other similar studies.

Our study demonstrates an increasing trend in use of pretherapy genomic profiling over time, which is consistent with observed clinical trends. Over 50% of patients underwent upfront surgery when pretherapy genomic profiling was used to guide decision-making, who would have otherwise been offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We observed de-escalation of breast specific surgery in more patients with pretherapy genomic profiles.

The rate of chemotherapy use for HR+HER2-BC is higher in patients age 18-40 compared to patients older than 40, with patients age 18-30 receiving chemotherapy at the highest rate. In our cohort of young adults, chemotherapy use was associated with larger tumors, higher clinical stage, and higher ODX score. We suspect that increased use of ODX scores may have contributed to the decrease in chemotherapy utilization in this population.

Implementation of the standardized practice for the operative surgeon to order genomic testing following the release of the pathology report has led to a significant decrease in TAT of genomic testing results, by 7.9 days. The increase in volume in reports ordered amongst breast surgeons has not adversely affected TAT. This protocol can easily be implemented and replicated at other institutions to decrease the time from surgery until final treatment plan.

This study demonstrated the feasibility of omitting Oncotype Dx® assay in postmenopausal women with node negative, T1, Nottingham Grade 1, HR positive, HER2 negative breast carcinoma with Magee 2 equation score ≤ 18. Using comparable tools such as Magee 2 equation may reduce financial toxicity to this population and overall cost to the system. Larger study recommended.

Primary endpoint of this study is to evaluate the correlation between PCM test results at the landmark time point and the patient's 24 month recurrence risk. Secondary endpoints include evaluating the impact on patient outcomes attributable to MRD result-based changes to treatment and other forms of clinical management, correlating between PCM result at baseline time point and patient recurrence risk and outcomes and investigating the lead time of PCM positivity over clinical/imaging based evidence of recurrence

Among patients with a solitary extracranial metastasis from breast cancer, TNBC was associated with the poorest OS and DPFS rates. Identification of other significant prognostic factors for oligometastatic breast cancer patients may inform guidelines for metastasis directed treatments.

We were unable to prospectively validate candidate SNPs previously associated with AI discontinuation due to AIMSS. Future analyses will explore additional genetic markers, PRO predictors of AIMSS, and differences by race.

In this study, we evaluated the association between TILs and pathological response (pCR) and invasive-disease free survival (IDFS) in 389 patients with stage II-III HER2 positive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing or anthracycline-free chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in the TRAIN-2 trial. We found no interactions between TILs and anthracycline treatment. Our results suggest that high TIL scores might be able to identify stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer patients with a favorable prognosis.

P2, N=73, Completed, SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=46, Active, not recruiting, SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> May 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Apr 2024

The high-quality evidence from the BrasiLEEira study corroborates the RCTs' findings, expanding its validity to a broader spectrum and underrepresented population who may benefit from ribociclib treatment.

In this review, we generally summarize the mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6is and ET, and describe the findings from clinical trials using small molecule inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy, providing insights into how these novel strategies may reverse treatment resistance, and discussing how some have not translated into clinical benefit. Finally, we provide rational treatment strategies based on the current emerging evidence.

First line metronomic chemotherapy for HER2 negative ABC had similar clinical activity and quite better tolerability than standard schedule and could be considered a further treatment option when chemotherapy is indicated.

HER2-positive breast cancer exhibited three distinct HR-specific subtypes with varying clinical manifestations and treatment responses. These findings suggest personalized treatment strategies considering ER and PR expression patterns, emphasizing the need for further investigations to unravel molecular traits underlying HER2-positive breast cancer with distinct HR expression patterns.

Available evidence supports the efficacy of T-DXd in patients with any history of IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH- scores; however, future research may further refine the population who could benefit from T-DXd or other HER2-directed therapies and identify novel methods for patient identification. Because HER2 expression can change with disease progression or treatment, and variability exists in scoring and interpretation of HER2 status, careful re-evaluation in certain scenarios may help to identify more patients who may benefit from T-DXd.

In addition, fatigue positively correlated with the proportion of NKp30+ NK cells (β ± standard error: 24.48 ± 8.75, P = .007 in the mixed-effect model). Short-term supplementation with Reishimmune-S affected the circulating immune cell composition and exerted positive effects on cognitive function, fatigue, and insomnia in patients with BC undergoing adjuvant ET, providing a potential approach for the management of treatment-related adverse reactions in this patient population.

A multivariable analysis revealed a significant dependence of survival probability on receptor status, general condition, and number of metastatic sites, as well as the time between initial breast cancer diagnosis and the diagnosis date of MBC in months. In sum, OS of patients with MBC has improved continuously and significantly in routine care over the last 27 years.