FGFR3 mutation

PAK1/2/3 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed no split signals in any case; PAK3 FISH also failed in the same two older specimens. Thus, IFK may represent a distinct clinicopathologic variant of seborrheic keratosis under our proposed diagnostic criteria.

Notably, the score exhibited distinct predictive value across different immune phenotypes, enabling more precise stratification of potentially responsive populations. The SWI_SNF_Score enables quantitative evaluation of molecular and immune heterogeneity in bladder cancer and provides a clinically relevant framework for prognostic stratification and immunotherapy response prediction.

In particular, the dynamic interplay between tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment, collectively termed the "metabolic-immune axis", constitutes a major challenge underlying drug resistance. This review summarizes how this axis, through mechanisms such as enhanced glycolysis and abnormal amino acid/lipid metabolism, influences bladder cancer progression and treatment responsiveness, thereby establishing a theoretical framework for future research directions.

P1/2, N=48, Recruiting, Tyra Biosciences Inc.

Our findings underscore the clinical significance of TROP2 expression in UTUC and suggest that IHC-based evaluation may contribute to prognostic risk stratification.

P=N/A, N=4, Completed, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> Feb 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 --> Feb 2026 | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Structural characterization using MALDI-TOF-MS and X-ray crystallography confirmed covalent binding of 10s to FGFR3. Compound 10s also showed significant antitumor efficacy in the RT112/84 bladder cancer xenograft model, offering a promising compound to address both selectivity and resistance in FGFR3-targeted therapy.

P=N/A, N=4, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027

In order to be able to use these therapeutic innovations in a targeted and precise manner in the future, biomarker-based stratification of urothelial carcinomas is likely to play a greater role. Current developments thus open up considerable potential for true precision oncology.

The sensitivity estimate showed very low certainty due to pronounced heterogeneity, underscoring the need for careful interpretation. With advancing DNA recovery methods, incorporation of droplet digital PCR, and rigorous evaluations in prospective multicenter studies, Uromonitor® may become an integral element of risk-adapted follow-up strategies.

While several promising biomarker candidates have been identified, the evidence base remains limited due to small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodologies, and inadequate follow-up data. Cortactin/FAK protein expression and immune signatures are the most promising but require validation in larger, well-designed prospective cohorts.

We herein present a case of 67-year-old man with advanced thymic carcinoma who was treated with carboplatin plus paclitaxel as first-line therapy. Furthermore, the presence of oncogenic mutations in lenvatinib-targeted genes may serve as predictive biomarkers for durable disease control. Given the limited availability of methods to detect oncogenic mutations, including FGFR3, in patients with thymic carcinoma, early implementation of CGP testing-even in the frontline setting-may be warranted in the future.