CNS Tumor

With the publication of this case and the review of the existent literature, and until more information becomes available, we would like to emphasize that clinicians should be aware of the possible connection between HLRCC and PCC/PGL, that genetic testing for susceptibly genes for PCC/PGL should include the FH gene and finally that patients with HLRCC should be screened for PCC/PGL. HLRCC, an autosomal dominant condition caused by germline P/LP variants in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene, is characterized by multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and RCC.0.6-3.1% of individuals with PCC/PGL carry a germline P/LP variant in the FH gene.Most of these patients have no personal or family history of HLRCC-associated manifestations, but some of them do.Preliminary evidence suggests that genetic testing for susceptibly genes for PCC/PGL should include the FH gene and that patients with HLRCC should be screened for PCC/PGL.Until more information becomes available, we suggest doing a full history, physical, family history, and screen for HLRCC-associated manifestations when there is an FH variant.Screening for PCC/PGL in patients with HLRCC could potentially include a baseline whole-body MRI and plasma fractionated metanephrines.

A clinical radiomics-integrated model that combined qBOLD parametric maps, CE-T1W, and T2W images with age achieved promising performance for predicting IDH1 mutation in glioma patients.

Retroperitoneal paraganglioma was initially misdiagnosed as angiosarcoma due to the overlapping imaging characteristics between the two tumors. This highlights the importance of raising suspicion on the possibility of retroperitoneal paraganglioma when imaging examination indicates angiosarcoma and to incorporate histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis.

Spatial transcriptomics delineated the molecular variant expressions of hub gene JAK1 in malignant cells across cancers, while immunohistochemistry validated the differential protein levels of JAK1 in NB. Based on multi-omics analysis and ML algorithms, we successfully developed the SCRS to enable accurate diagnosis and prognostic stratification in NB, which shed light on molecular landscapes of senes CAF and clinical utilization of SCRS.

The dataset is open for public access and is designed for various applications, from machine learning model training to the exploration of regional and ethnic disease variations. Preliminary validations utilizing Multiple Instance Learning for tasks such as glioma subtype classification and IHC biomarker identification underscore its potential to significantly contribute to global collaboration in brain tumor research, enhancing diagnostic precision and understanding of glioma variability across different populations.

This enabled a medium-throughput drug screen to identify Selumetinib and Fulvestrant, as inhibitors of glioma invasion in vivo. Thus, the Hi-Q approach can easily be adapted to reliably harness brain organoids' application for personalized neurogenetic disease modeling and drug discovery.

Studies on T-cell-deficient and wild-type mouse models support the immunomodulating feasibility of Mg2+@MK-8931@MPP. This gliomatous CTL-tailored strategy concurrently broadens metalloimmunotherapy to glioblastoma treatment and highlights the necessity of enforcing gliomatous CTLs' functionality.

P1, N=21, Not yet recruiting, Duke University | Initiation date: Oct 2024 --> Feb 2025

P1, N=10, Terminated, Bexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Oct 2024 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Bexion Pharmaceuticals has decided to close the BXQ-350.AD study to enrollment prior to the anticipated enrollment goal. Justification for this decision is due to slow enrollment and the competitive landscape of the indication.

P1/2, N=38, Terminated, Hoffmann-La Roche | Completed --> Terminated; Study was terminated by the sponsor based on insufficient tolerability and efficacy to proceed beyond Part 1b.

P2, N=83, Completed, Incyte Corporation | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Southern Cross University

This report provides consensus target volume delineation guidelines for meningiomas receiving postoperative radiation in common clinical situations. Integration of these guidelines into clinical practice may allow for more precise biomarker-guided radiation treatments and standardize radiotherapy on future meningioma clinical trials.

In conclusion, non-pediatric DMGH3s showed predominant tumor localization within the thalamus and improved prognosis compared to those in pediatric cases, with TP53 alterations correlating with high-grade histology and shorter survival. Genetic profiling, particularly identifying targetable mutations like FGFR1 and PIK3CA, could inform personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Primary MMRD is more common than previously reported in gliomas in children, adolescents, and young adults, is enriched in specific molecular subgroups, and is associated with poor outcomes. Accurate detection, genetic testing, early diagnosis through surveillance, and implementation of immunotherapy might improve survival for these patients.

NOX4 can serve as a prognostic and immunotherapy response biomarker for various cancers and targeting NOX4 may be a feasible anti-tumor therapy and may have synergistic anti-tumor effects combined with immunotherapy.

The results indicate the generated tumor ROIs can effectively address the imbalanced data problem. Our proposed method has the potential to facilitate an accurate diagnosis of rare brain tumors using MRI scans.

Tovorafenib demonstrated anti-tumor activity in relapsed/refractory BRAF-altered OPG across radiological assessment criteria and was generally well tolerated. Importantly, vision remained stable or improved in most patients.

TERT mutation was present in the oligodendroglioma component, whereas it was absent in the astrocytoma component. Although rare, gliomas harboring both oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma components in a single tumor exist and show genetically distinct areas.

Immune cells' gene expression modulation induced an antitumor profile, concomitant with an increase in the expression of apoptotic genes in cancer cells after co-culture. This study unveils potential targets for immune and tumor regulation, highlighting overexpressed miRNAs modulation as a novel therapeutic approach for GBM.

The detail of these interactions provides insight into a process critical for the assembly of paraspeckles as well as the behaviour of SFPQ as a transcription factor, and general multipurpose auxiliary protein with functions essential to mammalian life. Our understanding of the coiled coil behaviour of SFPQ also enhances the explanatory power of mutations (often disease-associated) observed in the DBHS family, potentially allowing for the development of future medical options such as targeted gene therapy.

The combined structural MRI, ADC, and SWI models achieved promising performance in assessing WHO Grade and IDH mutation status but showed no efficacy in predicting MGMT methylation status. Adding SWI and ADC features cannot provide extra information to structural MRI in predicting WHO grade and IDH mutation.

Thirdly, through a series of bioinformatics analyses identified six genes downstream of hsa-miR-1290 that were significantly associated with glioma expression and prognosis, these genes are associated with cell cycle, cell necrosis and cell circadian rhythms. CircMIB1 may play a role in inhibiting glioma development through the hsa-miR-1290 competitive endogenous RNA interaction network, these findings provide new ideas and directions for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.

Its high expression is associated with poor prognosis, which may potentially be linked to immune escape and immune cell infiltration. HBXIP is a potential biomarker of prognostic and immune infiltration in glioma.

Finally, through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, it was demonstrated that the prognostic model was superior to other prognostic markers. In conclusion, our research has not only demonstrated that a high HRD score is a valid prognostic biomarker in GBM patients but also built a stable prognosis model &lsqb;odds ratio (OR) 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.23, P<0.001] that is more accurate than conventional prognostic markers such as O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, P=0.02).

Our study offers insights into the molecular classification and prognostic assessment of GBM, focusing on palmitoylation-related mechanisms. The prognostic model we constructed provides valuable guidance for tailoring personalized treatment strategies for GBM patients.

We investigated the function of copper homeostasis-related genes in neuroglioma and their relationship with tumor immunology. Our in-depth analyses revealed that these biomarkers are useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes and could be used to guide our understanding of the progression of and treatment of glioma tumorigenesis.

A nomogram incorporating age, gender, and risk score was developed for personalized prognosis prediction. In summary, our study provided a novel prognostic model based on ssGSEA for GBM patients and offered potential insights for understanding the tumor immune and molecular mechanisms of the disease.

Conversely, the low-risk group demonstrated potential immunotherapy effectiveness and increased sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs. We established a prognostic model based on DRLs to predict the prognosis of NB patients, assess the immune cell infiltration, analyze TMB, evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy, and gauge sensitivity to anti-tumor drug treatments.

miR-100 and miR-125b target multiple mRNAs that can regulate 3D cell-autonomous growth and invasiveness. By extracellular transfer, miR-100 and miR-125b can also increase colony growth and invasiveness in recipient cells through non-cell-autonomous mechanisms.

Herein, we developed a vitamin D3-inserted lipid hybrid neutrophil membrane biomimetic multimodal nanoplatform (designated as NED@MnO2-DOX) through doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2) which were coated with a vitamin D3-inserted lipid hybrid neutrophil membrane. It was demonstrated that in addition to chemotherapy and chemo-dynamic therapy efficacy, NED@MnO2-DOX exhibited great power to activate and amplify immune responses related to the cGAS STING pathway, bolstering the secretion of type I interferon-β and proinflammatory cytokines, promoting the maturation of DC cells and infiltration of CD8+T cells into the glioma tissue, thereby reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma from a "cold" tumor to a "hot" tumor. The biomimetic multimodal nanoplatform has potential as a multimodal strategy for glioma-targeted treatment, especially holding considerable promise for the development of innate immune therapy for glioma.

P1, N=12, Not yet recruiting, Suzhou Maximum Bio-tech Co., Ltd.

P=N/A, N=75, Recruiting, Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Furthermore, in-silico investigations, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking studies, revealed a substantial reactivity profile of TAJ4, with promising molecular interactions against NEK7, NEK9, TP53, NF-KAPPA-B, and caspase-3 proteins. Further investigation using in-vitro and in-vivo approaches is recommended to fully establish the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of TAJ4.

P1/2, N=12, Recruiting, Hemerion Therapeutics | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Dec 2025

P=N/A, N=0, Available, Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited

P=N/A, N=72, Not yet recruiting, University Hospital Regensburg | Initiation date: Jun 2024 --> Feb 2025

Moreover, the expression level of PLK4 protein positively correlated with the level of EphA2 phosphorylation in glioma tissues. These results highlighted the crucial significance of PLK4 phosphorylating EphA2 in the malignant progression and VM formation in GBM.

Additionally, it reduced lactate levels, indicating its potential impact on cellular metabolism. Collectively, these findings suggest that the most potent compound holds promise as a therapeutic candidate against GB.

These findings establish PrPC as a modulator of essential molecules on the cell surface of GSCs, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for GBM.

Finally, expression of the HuR-V225I mutant decreases the cell's response to apoptotic stimuli through the increased expression of mRNAs encoding anti-apoptotic factors, such as XIAP and BCL-2. Therefore, our data establishes that the absence of HuR cytoplasmic translocation and cleavage promotes cell viability, and that acquiring this mutation during tumorigenesis may thus reduce the efficacy of cancer therapy.

The rapid evolution of investigational CAR T cell therapies portends great potential for the future of glioma treatment. Future studies will need to refine antigen targeting strategies, optimize CAR T cell persistence, and integrate combinatorial approaches to fully harness the therapeutic potential of this modality and improve the therapeutic window against brain tumors.