CNS Tumor

Serial CSF sampling also captured treatment-associated molecular shifts, including progressive TYMS amplification during intrathecal pemetrexed in an exploratory case. Together, these findings support low-input CSF sequencing as a practical molecular approach to complement LM diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring in lung cancer and provide a rationale for prospective validation in independent multi-center cohorts.

P1, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Children's National Research Institute

Pediatric gliomas and GNTs frequently express CAIX and monocyte/macrophage-related biomarkers but exhibit a low immune checkpoint profile (PD-1 and PD-L1). Unlike findings from adult studies, CAIX was neither enriched in HGGs nor associated with a worse prognosis. Strong CD68 expression may represent a candidate target for combination therapeutic strategies, although validation in a larger, homogeneous pediatric CNS tumor cohort is needed.

P1, N=41, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 --> Sep 2026

The case denies the binary classification of supratentorial ependymomas into ZFTA and YAP1 subtypes based entirely on the identity of 5' partner gene involved in the rearrangement. The findings elaborate the concept of molecular pathogenesis for YAP1-rearranged tumors.

As a result, genetic knowledge is essential not only for diagnosis but also for appreciating the complexity and heterogeneity of these syndromes in clinical practice. Finally, this discussion includes other TPS that, while not yet classified as distinct entities in the current edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS, remain relevant to the field of neuro-oncology.

The present study provides quantitative seizure-freedom estimates for patients undergoing surgical resection of epileptogenic intraparenchymal schwannoma, a rare disease entity with fewer than 100 reported cases in the neurosurgical literature. Given the inherent constraints of quantifying treatment outcomes of a rare disease, the ability to obtain such estimates underscores the utility of Bayesian methods for statistical inference under data-limited conditions. Our meta-analysis suggests that most patients can expect at least multiple years of seizure-freedom postoperatively following resection of an epileptogenic intraparenchymal schwannoma.

Primary CNS lymphoma presenting as an isolated third ventricular lesion is extremely rare and often radiologically mimics other intraventricular tumours. Histopathological confirmation is mandatory before initiating oncological therapy. Surgical intervention should be limited to biopsy if lymphoma is highly suspected, with cerebrospinal fluid diversion when required. Awareness of this rare tumour is essential to avoid unnecessary aggressive resections and to facilitate early initiation of chemotherapy.

In silico drug screening and molecular docking suggested that the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A may hold therapeutic potential. This study provides novel biomarkers and insights for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of pGBM.

Multiplexed imaging showed broad but heterogeneous HER2 expression across tumor states in both cases; in the MYCN-amplified tumor, this occurred alongside EGFR/MAPK-enriched proliferative niches, whereas the ZFTA-RELA tumor showed more diffuse organization without strong coupling of EGFR and proliferation. These findings provide early clinical evidence supporting HER2-directed ADCs in ependymoma and highlight the value of integrated molecular and spatial profiling in interpreting therapeutic response in rare CNS tumors.

Sensory symptoms improved after surgery, and no recurrence was detected on magnetic resonance imaging at 18-month follow-up. This short-term outcome is encouraging, but long-term radiological surveillance remains necessary.

To evaluate the intracranial delivery of BTK inhibitor(BTKi), patient-derived PCNS-LBCL xenografted mice models were treated with highly-selective BTKi orelabrutinib, either monotherapeutically or in combining with methotrexate...The mutations in CSF circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) rather than plasma-ctDNA were more consistent to those in tumor tissue, indicating that CSF-ctDNA is a useful tool for monitoring PCNS-LBCL. In summary, our data provided the molecular rationale as well as clinical evidences that incorporation of BTKi into frontline induction therapy is a promising strategy for ND PCNS-LBCL.