CNS Tumor

This trial met safety/feasibility primary end points with some preliminary signals of efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03652545 .

Nanopore sequencing enables rapid, accurate, multidimensional molecular classification of diagnostically intractable CNS tumors using routine FFPE and frozen tissue, achieving high diagnostic resolution in comparison with reference methods while drastically reducing turnaround time and cost, making precision neuropathology feasible beyond quaternary centers.

However, NTRK gene aberrations are rare, necessitating FISH or next-generation sequencing confirmation for pan-TRK-positive cases to identify candidates for TRK-targeted therapy. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological role of non-fusion-mediated pan-TRK overexpression in meningioma progression.

P=N/A, N=20, Recruiting, West China Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Long-term, potentially lifelong radiological follow-up should be considered even for initially low-grade lesions. Recurrent or higher-grade tumors may require multidisciplinary evaluation regarding adjuvant treatment strategies and systemic surveillance.

Sotigalimab was well-tolerated in pediatric patients with recurrent or progressive CNS tumors and post-radiation pre-progression DIPG.

CAPNON is an important differential diagnosis of calcified lesions. Although its radiological appearance may be aggressive, it is a benign lesion, and complete surgical resection is usually curative.

This case suggests that dose reduction can weaken the effect of osimertinib on the CNS and that maintaining dose intensity using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support is a viable and effective strategy for controlling CNS lesions in eloquent areas when local therapy is contraindicated.

Categorical E-cadherin reporting enhances its utility over continuous H-scores alone. Thus, even in the absence of glial tissue in biopsy specimen, these biomarkers may help to suggest invasive nature of tumor in appropriate clinical context.

Larotrectinib shows meaningful efficacy and favorable tolerance across NTRK fusion-positive malignancies beyond IFS. These real-world data support early molecular testing, highlight histology-dependent outcomes, and inform clinical management strategies.

Tucatinib-based combinations and trastuzumab deruxtecan have demonstrated substantial intracranial activity in prospective trials, shifting the treatment paradigm by supporting systemic therapy even in the presence of active brain metastases. A major limitation remains the underrepresentation of patients with brain metastases in clinical trials. This review summarizes current evidence on systemic therapies for BCBM across subtypes and highlights the need for CNS-inclusive trials and the development of effective CNS-active treatments.

The collected data revealed that 18.9% of patients had P/LP variants; notably, among the 11.6% of patients carrying P/LP variants, there were variants in genes known to be associated with the development of CNS tumors in pediatric and AYA patients, a rate higher than the 10% incidence typically reported in the literature for pediatric central nervous system tumors. This finding emphasizes the value of our comprehensive analysis for germline variants in HGG, suggesting a greater prevalence of CPS in these patients than previously reported.