CBFB-MYH11 fusion

We also highlight broader RUNX/CBFβ inhibitors, alternative therapeutic vulnerabilities linked to fusion-associated cofactors and chromatin regulators, and combination approaches such as BET bromodomain inhibition that enhance antileukemic activity. Together, these findings support the CBFβ-SMMHC-RUNX1 interface as a mechanistically informative and therapeutically actionable target, and illustrate the broader potential of targeting oncogenic transcription factor complexes in core-binding factor AML.

Overexpression of CD123 and CD86 in CBFB::MYH11 may have diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-025-02150-4.

Importantly, combining CBFβ-SMMHC inhibitors with BET bromodomain inhibitors synergistically eradicates inv(16) leukemia in preclinical models. Together, these insights into the structural basis and functional role of the CBFβ-SMMHC-RUNX1 interface highlight protein-protein interaction disruption as a promising translational strategy in core-binding factor leukemia therapy.

The patient achieved complete remission following the standard 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy regimen for AML with gemtuzumab ozogamicin. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges posed by concomitant class-defining alterations in hematologic neoplasms and underscores the importance of integrated genomic assessment.

In the appropriate clinical context, strictly defined Harlequin cells on routine peripheral blood smears may serve as a sensitive and highly specific morphologic clue for CML. Recognition of this readily accessible feature may facilitate prompt BCR::ABL1 confirmatory testing, reduce diagnostic ambiguity, and help avoid unnecessary ancillary studies.

However, there is growing literature that patterns of co-mutation, and more importantly, postremission measurable residual disease (MRD) status, modify these risks dynamically; necessitating an adaptive approach to optimize patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize evidence on how molecular and MRD features could assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients within these favorable-risk subgroups, and where escalation of therapy, including with allogeneic transplantation in first remission, may be beneficial.

This study revealed that patients aged ≥50 years displayed more complex genetic aberration profiles and experienced significantly poorer prognoses compared to their younger counterparts. These findings provided novel insights for optimizing treatment strategies for middle-aged and elderly AML patients in the Chinese population.

We identified remaining tumor clones in 6 patients with complete remission samples indicating incomplete eradication of the tumor clones. Here, we show that identifying the order of mutation acquisition can provide valuable insights into evolutionary history, offering a framework to improve drug selection in the era of targeted therapies.

With the routine use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for gene fusion detection, more patients like this one should be diagnosed and treated accordingly. These cases illustrate the importance of a comprehensive molecular/cytogenetic diagnostic work-up.

An IGH::DUX4 fusion previously found by RNA-seq in Case 3 was not confirmed because DUX4, which has multiple pseudogenes, was refractory to OGM and WGS analyses. OGM is a fundamental tool that complements G-banding analysis in identifying complex SVs in leukemia samples, and WGS effectively closes the gaps in OGM mapping.

The VEN + HMAs regimen demonstrated considerable efficacy in the treatment of R/R AML patients, with both response rates and overall survival being influenced by distinct genetic features. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing personalized treatment strategies for this challenging patient population.

P3, N=204, Completed, University of Ulm | Active, not recruiting --> Completed