These findings indicate that DNA damage response inhibitors can enhance IFN signaling following X-, proton and carbon ion irradiation, with a strong positive dependency on LET.

In vivo experiments exhibited that AMH-4 was more effective than lartesertib and vorinostat in inhibiting the growth of NTERA-2 cL.D1 xenograft tumors with low toxicity. Overall, these results suggest that AMH-4 is an effective and low toxicity candidate for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors.

Two phosphatase inhibitors, staurosporine and AZD0156, inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cholangiocarcinoma cells by suppressing TET1 expression. In conclusion, it is also demonstrated that PPM1G can be employed as a therapeutic target to impede the progression of CCA by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of TET1, which diminishes the capacity of TET1 to target the CLDN3 promoter to activate transcription and inhibit EMT in CCA.

P1, N=180, Recruiting, AstraZeneca | N=120 --> 180 | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Sep 2026

The toxic and immunogenic effects of the smKI AZD0156 (ATMi) and VE-822 (ATRi) in combination with a hypo-fractionated scheme of 2x5Gy RT on HPV-negative (HSC4, Cal-33) and HPV-positive (UM-SCC-47, UD-SCC-2) HNSCC cell lines were analyzed as follows: cell death (necrosis, apoptosis; detected by AnxV/PI), expression of immunostimulatory (ICOS-L, OX40-L, TNFSFR9, CD70) and immunosuppressive (PD-L1, PD-L2, HVEM) checkpoint marker using flow cytometry; the release of cytokines using multiplex ELISA and the gene expression of Cal-33 on mRNA level 48 h post-RT. This includes pro-inflammatory signaling induced by RT + ATRi but also anti-inflammatory signals. These findings were confirmed by RNAseq analysis, which further highlighted the immune-suppressive nature of RT + ATMi.

The interaction of Tip60 with ATM and DNA-PK was investigated using the specific inhibitors KU55933 and NU7441, respectively. Downregulation of Tip60 enhances the radiation sensitivity of both glioma cells and markedly elevates the radiation sensitivity when combined with DNA-PKi. Therefore, treatment with DNA-PK inhibitors represents a promising approach to augment the radiation sensitivity of glioma cell lines with deficient Tip60 activity in a synergistic manner.

Notably, Na2SeO3-induced ferroptosis was inhibited by ATM kinase inhibitor KU55933 or siATM, suggesting that Na2SeO3-induced ferroptosis was mediated by ATM protein in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings suggest a therapeutic strategy by ferroptosis against TNBC and deepened our understanding of ATM function.

For the examination of the function of pATM in VM formation by GSLCs, ATM knockdown by shRNAs and deactivated via ATM phosphorylation inhibitor KU55933 were studied...VM may predict a poor GBM prognosis and is associated with pATM expression. We propose that pATM promotes VM through extracellular matrix modulation and VE-Cadherin / pVEGFR-2 activation, thereby highlighting ATM activation as a potential target for enhancing anti-angiogenesis therapies for GBM.

Although HRDetect and CHORD analyses confirmed a strong association between the L1780P mutation and HRD, effective initially, drug resistance developed in cases with reversion mutations. These findings underscore the complexity of using HRD prediction in personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, as resistance may arise in reversion cases despite high HRD scores.

The combined treatment of Oleandrin and radiotherapy demonstrated superior inhibition of tumor proliferation compared to either treatment alone. Our findings highlight Oleandrin as a novel and effective inhibitor of ATM and ATR kinase, offering new possibilities for the development of clinical radiosensitizing adjuvants.

P2, N=60, Recruiting, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

This work indicated that ATM nonsense mutation predicted the clinical benefits of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade for patients with CRC. It also provides a molecular mechanism rationale for ATM-targeted agents for patients with CRC.

Collectively, SP-1-303 emerges as a novel second generation class I (HDAC1 and HDAC3) selective HDAC inhibitor, and ATM activator, capable of modulating ER expression, and inhibiting growth of ER+ BC cells. Combined targeting of class I HDACs and ATM by SP-1-303 offers a promising therapeutic approach for treating ER+ breast cancers and supports further preclinical evaluation.

Positive correlation was seen between ATM activity and CD13 protein expression using both "wildtype" (WT) and knockout (KO) ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells through western blotting; with the same effect shown when treating neuroblastoma cancer cell line SH-SY5Y, as well as AT-WT cells, with ATM inhibitor (ATMi; KU55933)...This suggests an epistatic effect, and that both proteins may be acting in the same signaling pathway that influences cell migration. This work indicates a novel functional interaction between ATM and CD13, suggesting ATM may negatively regulate the degradation of CD13, and subsequently cell migration.

Using this method, we show that patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) samples with acquired temozolomide (TMZ) resistance display elevated HR and MMEJ activity, suggesting that these pathways contribute to treatment resistance. We further show that a combination of G2/M checkpoint deficiency and reliance upon ATM-dependent DSBR renders TP53 mutant GBMs hypersensitive to TMZ/AZD1390 and radiation/AZD1390 combinations. This report identifies ATM-dependent HR and MMEJ as targetable resistance mechanisms in TP53-mutant GBM and establishes an approach for simultaneously measuring multiple DSBR pathways in treatment selection and oncology research.

Using inhibitors targeting ATM (AZD1390), ATR (AZD6738) and DNA-Pkcs (AZD7648), we observed that this led to significantly decreased clonogenic survival of HNSCC cell lines following both X-ray and proton irradiation. We confirmed that the inhibitors in combination with X-rays and protons led to DSB persistence, and increased micronuclei formation. Cumulatively, our data suggest that targeting DSB repair, particularly via ATM and DNA-Pkcs inhibition, can exacerbate the impact of ionising radiation in sensitising HNSCC cell models.

Collectively, our results revealed that kaempferol from A. officinarum inhibits the cell cycle by regulating the ATM/CHEK2/KNL1 pathway in HCC cells. In summary, our research presents an innovative supplementary strategy for HCC treatment.

Uterine LMS with DNA repair defects is sensitive to PLK4 inhibition because of the effects of chromosome missegregation and increased DNA damage. Loss-of-function BRCA2 alterations or pharmacological inhibition of ATM enhanced the efficacy of PLK4 inhibitor. Genomic profiling of an advanced-stage or recurrent uterine LMS may guide therapy.

P2, N=60, Not yet recruiting, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.

SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human ESCC. Methylation of SLFN11 is sensitive marker of ATM inhibitor in ESCC.

P1, N=30, Recruiting, The Netherlands Cancer Institute | N=15 --> 30 | Trial completion date: Mar 2024 --> Jul 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Mar 2026

A Phase Ia clinical trial (NCT05002140) with XRD-0394 in combination with RT has completed. These results provide a rationale for future clinical trials with XRD-0394 in combination with RT, PARP inhibitors and targeted delivery of topoisomerase I inhibitors.

P1, N=120, Recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial completion date: Feb 2025 --> Apr 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2025 --> Apr 2026

P1, N=37, Recruiting, Nader Sanai | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jul 2024

We demonstrated the efficacy of the combination of ATM and EZH2 inhibition against BAP1-deficient mesothelioma in preclinical models, indicating the potential of this combination as a novel treatment modality using BAP1 as a biomarker.

Molecular docking and dynamic simulation analyses highlight strong binding affinities of quercetin for Y2080D and AZD0156 for C2770G, suggesting potential therapeutic options...The study underscores the significance of Y2080D and C2770G mutations, offering valuable insights for future precision medicine targeting-specific ATM. Despite informative computational analyses, a significant research gap exists, necessitating essential in vitro and in vivo studies to validate the predicted effects of ATM mutations on protein structure and function.

A radiosensitizing effect can be confirmed after treatment with AZD0156, Afatinib or Alpelisib in three organoid lines using this assay so far. Establishment of HNSCC organoids was successful using our workflow. These 3D models can be used to screen for potential radiosensitizers. For validation, we established an organoid formation assay to determine the clonogenic survival as an important endpoint in radiobiology.

KU-55933 was predicted as a putative therapeutic drug for BC targeting VAMP7. VAMP7 was upregulated in BC tissue and correlated with poor prognosis of BC patients. VAMP7 may promote BC progression by targeting the cell cycle pathway.

We evaluated the effects of AZD1390 or a structurally related compound AZD0156 on innate immune signaling and found that both inhibitors enhanced radiation-induced T1IFN expression via the POLIII/RIG-I/MAVS pathway. Adaptive immune responses to combination therapy provided systemic control of contralateral tumors outside of the radiation field. Taken together, we show that a clinical candidate ATM inhibitor enhances radiation-induced T1IFN leading to both innate and subsequent adaptive anti-tumoral immune responses and sensitization of otherwise resistant pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy.

Analyzing RNA-seq data from TCGA showed up-regulation of HR pathway genes in TP53-mutant human GBM. Together, our results imply that increased basal ATM signaling and enhanced dependence on HR represent a unique susceptibility of TP53-mutant cells to ATM inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization.

P1, N=120, Recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Feb 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 --> Feb 2025

Starting from clinical candidate AZD0156, 4, we investigated the imidazoquinolin-2-one scaffold with the goal of improving likely CNS exposure in humans. These studies identified compound 24 (AZD1390) as an exceptionally potent and selective inhibitor of ATM with a good preclinical pharmacokinetic profile. 24 showed an absence of human transporter efflux in MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP studies (efflux ratio <2), significant BBB penetrance in nonhuman primate PET studies (K 0.33) and was deemed suitable for development as a clinical candidate to explore the radiosensitizing effects of ATM in intracranial malignancies.

Finally, we identified a negative correlation between changes in phospho-ATM and PD-L1 levels in TNBC post- and pre-neoadjuvant therapy. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which ATM negatively regulates PD-L1 by downregulating JNK/c-Jun/TNF-α in TNBC, shedding light on the wide application of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for treating multi-line-resistant TNBC.

NRIP3 was frequently methylated in both colorectal adenomatous polyps and CRC. The methylation of NRIP3 may potentially serve as an early detection, late-onset, and poor prognostic marker in CRC. NRIP3 is a potential tumor suppressor. NRIP3 methylation is a potential synthetic lethal marker for combined PI3K and ATR/ATM inhibitors.

P1, N=67, Recruiting, Mayo Clinic | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1, N=12, Completed, XRad Therapeutics Inc | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Jul 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Jul 2023

The five AML cell lines demonstrated sensitivity to monotherapy with GSK-368, AZD-1390, or AZD-6738 (EC50 value ranges from 5.461 to 7.349 nM, 5.821 to 10.120 nM, and 7.618 to 10.100 nM, respectively). DNMT1, ATM, and ATR possess potential as therapeutic targets for AML. Both individual targeting and combination targeting of these molecules have been confirmed as promising therapeutic approaches for AML.

Further analysis revealed that KU-55933 potentiates Olaparib-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting ATM phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates that inhibiting ATM could enhance the sensitivity of endometrial cancer to Olaparib, thereby providing a potential alternative treatment for the clinical treatment of endometrial cancer.

P1, N=67, Not yet recruiting, Mayo Clinic | Trial completion date: Oct 2028 --> Feb 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2027 --> Feb 2028

P1, N=120, Recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2026

P1, N=15, Terminated, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. | Completed --> Terminated; The study was terminated early per sponsor decision to halt further development of M3541 due to pharmaceutical and PK/pharmacodynamics properties that precluded further clinical development.

Importantly, STAG2 expression correlates with poor prognosis of cancer patients. STAG2 is identified as an important regulator of HR and a potential therapeutic strategy for STAG2-mutant tumors is elucidated.