P2, N=30, Not yet recruiting, University of Kansas Medical Center | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Jul 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Dec 2027

P=N/A, N=82, Not yet recruiting, Foundation University Islamabad

The system consisted of hollow copper sulfide nanoparticles loaded with 4-methylumbelliferone, modified with polymetformin, and surface-coated with hyaluronic acid to ensure targeted delivery via CD44 receptors...Furthermore, immunostaining confirmed that apoptosis, macrophage repolarization, and immune activation were increased. This research presents a synergistic nanoplatform that integrates matrix remodeling, photothermal therapy (PTT), and immune reprogramming, offering a promising strategy for treating metastatic and immune-evasive breast tumors.

P=N/A, N=105, Completed, West China Hospital | Trial completion date: May 2023 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: May 2023 --> Dec 2025 | Not yet recruiting --> Completed

P=N/A, N=20, Completed, Al-Azhar University

P2, N=30, Recruiting, University of California, San Francisco | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=60, Completed, Tanta University | Recruiting --> Completed

Molecular docking confirmed that LT4 stably occupied the ATP‑binding pocket of PI3Kγ with a binding energy comparable to wortmannin and a conformation similar to antroquinonol. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to comprehensively demonstrate the multi‑target anti‑CRC effects of LT4, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent, especially in KRAS‑mutant CRC.

It can be concluded that MET at concentrations up to 1 mM can promote osteoblast viability, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenic signaling, and reduce osteoclastogenesis. Key words Metformin " Osteoblasts " Bone health " In vitro.

Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of metformin on ER stress and apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer SKBR3 cells. The present findings demonstrated that metformin activates ER stress response and induces apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. This supports the potential of metformin as an adjuvant therapy, though further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate its clinical applicability.

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies identified the specific interactions of the tested molecules with the hub protein, thereby encouraging further studies to assess protein kinase B as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. While the present findings provide mechanistic insights into Metformin's antitumor effects in an insilico condition, translation of these findings to preclinical systems and to human HCC requires validation in human tissues and patient cohorts.

These include activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), attenuation of oxidative stress, modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduction of low-grade systemic inflammation. While not a panacea, its favourable safety profile and multi-targeted actions make it a leading candidate for repurposing as an anti-ageing therapy. Continued clinical validation is essential to translate these insights into practice.