Zyclara (imiquimod)

This study investigated the individual and combinatorial effects of TLR3 Poly(I:C), TLR5 (Flagellin), and TLR7 (Imiquimod) ligands on nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells...These findings highlight a potent crosstalk between TRIF-dependent (TLR3) and MyD88-dependent (TLR7, TLR5) signaling pathways, leading to amplified immune activation. Our study highlights the potential of synergistic TLR ligand combinations as powerful immunomodulators, offering promising avenues for the rational design of more effective vaccine adjuvants and innovative strategies in cancer immunotherapy.

Using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate S100a4 gene knockout mice, imiquimod was continuously applied to the back skin to induce the psoriasis disease model...Our findings suggest a potential pathogenic role for S100A4 in psoriasis and highlight previously uncharacterized cell-specific transcriptional landscapes and regulatory mechanisms. Our results provide novel insights into the complex pathology of psoriasis and could offer important clues for the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies.

P4, N=60, Not yet recruiting, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; China-Japan Friendship Hospital

P2, N=45, Not yet recruiting, The first affiliated hostipal of nanchang university; The first affiliated hostipal of nanchang university

P1, N=117, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Enrolling by invitation --> Active, not recruiting

Both imiquimod and gardiquimod treatment inhibited tumor growth, with gardiquimod showing an increased potency compared to imiquimod. This implies that TLR agonists like imiquimod and gardiquimod could serve as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or complementary immunotherapeutic agents in melanoma therapy.

P3, N=1630, Not yet recruiting, VA Office of Research and Development | Trial completion date: Jan 2032 --> May 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2032 --> May 2032

Immune modulation with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, imiquimod, HPV vaccination, or OX40 stimulation enhanced effector function. The cSCC immune microenvironment reflects a balance between cytotoxic and suppressive factors. Harmonizing multimodal immune profiling and integrating spatial context with systemic immune status may advance both prognostic stratification and therapeutic design.

NCHBL-005 and its metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde alleviate psoriatic inflammation through modulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interleukin-1 beta-interleukin-17A axis, thereby restoring skin immune homeostasis. This study highlights postbiotic intervention in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interleukin-1 beta-interleukin-17A axis as a promising therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.

Our findings identify IL-27 signaling in keratinocytes as a pivotal regulator of skin inflammation in both psoriasis and AD. This highlights IL-27 as a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory skin diseases.

Moreover, compound 2 showed a potent therapeutic effect on the psoriasiform skin lesions induced by imiquimod in mice by inhibiting the expression of S100A9 and keratinocyte proliferation. As the pioneering examples of natural products demonstrate inhibitory action against S100A8/A9 complex, this discovery provides a series of compelling lead compounds with novel molecular scaffold for treating psoriasis.

Despite appropriate topical treatment with imiquimod, adjunctive cryotherapy, and herbal immunomodulatory agents, the lesions remained resistant to therapy. Consideration of genital examination and prophylactic HPV vaccination prior to initiating JAK inhibitor therapy may be warranted. Furthermore, in cases of treatment-resistant genital warts, reassessing the patient's systemic immune status and current immunosuppressive medications may lead to improved clinical outcomes.