VSIR (V-Set Immunoregulatory Receptor)

In this review, we will summarize the VISTA structure, ligands, role in the TME, and expression on immune cells. Furthermore, the significance of VISTA expression in the prognosis of cancer and its role in cancer immunotherapy, tumor resistance and ongoing clinical trials will be discussed.

Additionally, FunCN clusters around CD8⁺ T cells in pancreas and liver were associated with higher TIGIT and LAG3, respectively. These findings demonstrate the importance of spatial immune landscapes in PDAC and identify potential therapeutic opportunities.

Our findings establish VISTA as a central immunoregulatory checkpoint in gastric cancer, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for combination immunotherapeutic approaches.

These include combination regimens with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, epigenetic modulators, anti-angiogenic agents, and novel immunotherapies such as next-generation checkpoint inhibitors (LAG-3, VISTA), immune-suppressive cell-targeting agents, vaccines, cell-based therapies, and oncolytic viruses. Collectively, these advancements underscore the importance of integrating histological classification with molecular and microenvironmental profiling to refine patient selection and guide the development of combination strategies aimed at transforming "cold" mesotheliomas into "hot," immune-responsive tumors, thereby enhancing the efficacy of ICB.

The interactome of B7-H5 exhibits relatively higher levels of intrinsic disorder compared to the interactomes of other B7 proteins, underscoring its critical role in neuronal processes and other biological functions. This work sheds light on the dualistic nature of B7 proteins in maintaining immune homeostasis and their complex involvement in oncogenesis, presenting intrinsic disorder as a novel perspective in cancer biology and a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention.

We previously reported a clinical trial (NCT02499835) evaluating PD-1 blockade combined with an anti-tumor DNA vaccine, pTVG-HP (encoding prostatic acid phosphatase), in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer...These findings suggest that patients experiencing irAEs can have immune responses to tumor irrespective of obvious anti-tumor efficacy, at least with these treatments, and underscore the importance of tumor-infiltrating professional antigen presenting cells and T-cell activation for successful immunotherapy. Moreover, our findings suggest that combining vaccines and PD-1 blockade with MDSC-targeting therapies, anti-VISTA, and/or anti-PARP therapies might be further explored.

We presented for the first time the prognostic values of STING in a contemporary cohort of RCC patients with VTT. STING expression in VTT showed prognostic potential, while TIL assessment proved to be a particularly valuable prognostic tool that can be readily implemented in routine pathological evaluation.

Of note, genetic ablation of Trim25 in T cells not only improves anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, but also significantly ameliorates CAR T anti-tumor activity in various mouse tumor models. Collectively, this study unveils a mechanism for VISTA regulation in T cells and highlights targeting TRIM25-VISTA as a potential strategy to enhance tumor immunotherapy.

We conduct a pioneering systematic study on the expression, function, and molecular mechanisms of the VISTA molecule on NSCLC TCs. We propose that in the tumor immune microenvironment, VISTA functions as both an immune checkpoint and a regulator of CD8 + T cell activation/recruitment and Treg recruitment via its expression on TCs.

Our findings highlight crucial genes and pathways in meningioma recurrence, introducing novel therapeutic candidates. These findings pave new avenues for further elucidating meningioma recurrence mechanisms and developing innovative treatments.

This CD28xVISTA bsAb showed no signs of superagonistic properties in several in vitro CRS assays. Thus, our data supports clinical development for solid tumors in combination with anti-PD-1 or TAA-targeted anti-CD3 T-cell engagers.