Furthermore, overexpression of VAV3 markedly reversed the tumor suppressor effect of miR‑218 in glioblastoma cell. These findings suggested that VAV3 could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for glioblastoma.

Consequently, the VAV1-MYO1F expressing T-cells induce a malignant T lymphoproliferative disease with 100% penetrance in vivo that mimics key aspects of human peripheral T-cell lymphoma. These results demonstrate that the human T-cell oncogene VAV1-MYO1F is sufficient to trigger oncogenic T-cell signalling and neoplastic transformation, and moreover, provides a new clinically relevant mouse model to explore the pathogenesis of and treatment concepts for human T-cell lymphoma.

These mice developed tumors that mimic human T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and the newly proposed PTCL-GATA3 subtype. To develop personalized treatment strategies by analyzing subgroup-specific mouse models, our study supports the establishment of PTCL subgroups based on genetic alterations or gene expression profiles.

AFAP1L1 promotes GC progression by inducing EMT through VAV2-mediated activation of CDC42 and ITGA5 signaling pathway, indicating AFAP1L1 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC patients.

Our data suggest that activation of RhoA GTPase signaling compromises migration, as inhibition of RhoA-signaling promoted migration behavior. This study provides novel insights into the control of OPC migration, which could be useful for further understanding of the complex differentiation and myelination process.

NKRPS had a strong predictive power on prognosis of ccRCC patients, which may facilitate individualized treatment and medical decision making.

Since PGE is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism, its lowered concentration in media from AGR2-knockout cells was confirmed by ELISA. Together, our results demonstrate that AGR2 downregulation and TGF-β have an essential role in focal adhesion formation; moreover, we have identified AGR2 as an important component of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.

Intriguingly, the depletion of macrophages with clodronate-liposome resulted in the failure of cardio-omentopexy to protect the heart and promote angiogenesis. Cardio-omentopexy protects the heart from pressure overload-elicited left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction by promoting myocardial angiogenesis. Cardiac MHCIILyve1+TimD4+ resident macrophages play a critical role in the cardioprotective effect and angiogenesis of cardio-omentopexy.

Mechanistically, we show that Vav3 prevents the Phlpp2-sensitive and Akt (S473)-dependent phosphorylation of Bmi1 on the regulatory residue S314 that, in turn, promotes the transcriptional factor reprogramming of leukemic B-cell progenitors. These results highlight the importance of non-canonical nuclear Rho GTPase signaling in leukemogenesis.

We identified that targeting CCR4 could effectively interrupt the activation of HNSCC invasion and metastasis induced by CCL2 without the promoting cancer relapse observed during the subsequent withdrawal period. All current findings suggested that CCL2-CCR4-Vav2-Rac1-p-MLC signaling plays an essential role in cell migration and cancer metastasis of HNSCC, and CCR4 may serve as a new potential molecular target for HNSCC therapy.

VAVs were highly expressed in AML. In particular, VAV1 has prognostic value and is a promising therapeutic target for AML.

The interplay of the two switches facilitated by the IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway governs a sequence of dynamic protein-protein interactions for sustained cell migration. That a similar mechanism is employed by both normal and tumorigenic epithelial cells to drive their respective migration suggests that the P-switch and T-switch are general regulators of epithelial cell migration and potential therapeutic targets.

Among BC patients, differential germline associations with CRS were found by race, underscoring the need for larger, diverse datasets in molecular studies of BC. These findings also suggest possible germline trans-regulation of PAM50 tumor expression, with potential implications for CRS interpretation in clinical settings.

Importantly, IODVA1 suppresses the leukemic burden in the treatment refractory pediatric Ph and TKI-resistant Ph B-ALL patient-derived xenograft models better than standard-of-care dasatinib or ponatinib and provides a more durable response after treatment withdrawal. Pediatric leukemia samples with diverse genetic lesions show high sensitivity to IODVA1 ex vivo and this sensitivity is VAV3 dependent. IODVA1 thus spearheads a novel class of drugs that inhibits a RacGEF and holds promise as an anti-tumor therapy.

Stratified analysis showed that the URGs-based prognostic signature could be used to evaluate tumor progression in ccRCC. Further analysis confirmed that the signature is an independent prognostic factor related to the prognosis of ccRCC patients, which may help to reveal the molecular mechanism of ccRCC and provide potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for ccRCC.

Finally, the result of functional test showed that ADAM8 gene expression down-regulation partially reversed the immune tolerance of CRC cells to TILs. By bioinformatics analysis methods and the experimental techniques, we identified ADAM8 as a prognostic biomarker and clinical therapeutic target related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CRC.

E/ERα signals consistently inhibited bone resorption in vitro. In conclusion, our study suggests that E-binding to ERα forms a complex with SHP2/c-Src to attenuate c-Src activation that was induced upon RANKL stimulation in a non-genomic manner, resulting in an impaired actin ring formation and reducing bone resorption.

kcnj12 and znf132 are two novel methylation biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. The 4-marker methylation model provides a new non-invasive choice for CRC screening and interception.

Finally, we found that decreased expression of KIF26A has been positively correlated with histological differentiation, Lauren classification, LNM, distal metastasis, and clinical stage, as well as poor survival in patients with GC. These data indicate that KIF26A could inhibit GC migration and invasion by regulating the focal-adhesion pathway and repressing the occurrence of EMT.

SATB-2, ORP-1, MYB, and CDX-2 were related to cetuximab sensitivity as well as enhanced tumor immune cell infiltration in patients with CRC.

Our data have revealed that BRG1 promotes cell cycle progression and DNA replication, consistent with the increased cell proliferation associated with oncogenesis.

Critically, the observed RAC-GEF dependency was negated by oncogenic KRAS mutation. Together, these data demonstrate that while targeting RAC-GEF molecules may have therapeutic impact at early stages, this benefit may be lost in late stage disease.

This transcriptomic study identified a signature that supports the classification of endocervical carcinomas as three distinct entities: usual-, intestinal- and gastric-type. It also points out to disruption of tight junctions as a potential mechanism of metastatic dissemination of these rare tumors.

It was confirmed that LINC00265 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma cells by targeting miR-382-5p to mediate SAT1 and VAV3. Collectively, LINC00265 might promote proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis by targeting miR-382-5p/SAT1 and miR-382-5p/VAV3 in osteosarcoma.

In conclusion, the stratification based on the multivariable Cox model showed high performance in risk prediction. The dysregulated microRNAs and prognostic microRNAs greatly improved our understanding of the microRNA-related molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer.

Finally, treatment of nude mice transplanted with p53-/- VAV1-Tg tumor cells with JQ1, a bromodomain inhibitor, which targets the Myc pathway, prolonged survival of mice. We conclude that VAV1 mutations function in malignant transformation of T cells in vivo and that VAV1-mutant expressing mice could provide an efficient tool for screening new therapeutic targets in TCN harboring these mutations. We conclude that VAV1 mutations function in malignant transformation of T cells in vivo and that VAV1-mutant expressing mice could provide an efficient tool for screening new therapeutic targets in TCN harboring these mutations.

The 1p/19q codeletion-associated immune signature provides accurate prediction of OS. VAV3 and TNFRFSF11B are novel immune checkpoints.

Potential knowledge gaps in this field and possible avenues for future research are also highlighted. ARNO: ADP-ribosylation factor nucleotide binding site opener; CML: carboxyl methylation; Epac: exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER stress: endoplasmic reticulum stress; FTase: farnesyltransferase; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GDI: GDP dissociation inhibitor; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GGTase: geranylgeranyltransferase; GGpp: geranylgeranylpyrophosphate; GGPPS: geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; HGPRTase: hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; IMPDH: inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; α-KIC: α-ketoisocaproic acid; MPA: mycophenolic acid; MVA: mevalonic acid; NDPK: nucleoside diphosphate kinase; NMPK: nucleoside monophosphate kinase; Nox2: phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase; PAK-I: p21-activated kinase-I; β-PIX: β-Pak-interacting exchange factor; PRMT: protein arginine methyltransferase; Rac1: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Tiam1: T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1; Trx-1: thioredoxin-1; Vav2: vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2.