UPK3B (Uroplakin 3B)

Our study provides a comprehensive single-cell atlas of APA, uncovering key tumorigenic mechanisms and identifying potential biomarkers (e.g., CAPS, VWF, UPK3B) and therapeutic targets, including mTOR and Hedgehog/Wnt pathways. These findings advance the genomic understanding of adrenal tumors and support precision medicine development.

UPK3B is also positively correlated with immune checkpoints, indicating that tumors with high UPK3B expression may not benefit from ICI therapy. Therefore, UPK3B may serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

The dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that ZNF32 H179A and H183A could transcriptionally activate ISY1-RAB43 and UPK3BL1 while inhibiting the transcription of SNX22; this is attributable to the fact that these mutations cause different zinc finger structure changes in ZNF32. The present study deepens the understanding of ZNF32 mutations with respect to nuclear speckle formation and their roles in the proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Conclusion  RNA sequencing is a viable and informative approach for genomic profiling of archival SNUC samples. Both SR-SNUC and SD-SNUC were noted to have distinct genetic profiles underlying the molecular classification of these diseases.

Taken together, our data suggest that UpIIIb can be used as a highly specific and sensitive mesothelial marker when the diagnostic question is epithelioid mesothelioma vs NSCLC; in particular, UpIIIb staining will pick up some number of epithelioid mesotheliomas that are HEG1 negative. Since UpIIIb is known to stain some proportion of urothelial carcinomas as well as gynecologic and a few pancreatic tumors, it should be used with caution in the peritoneal cavity or when the differential diagnosis includes carcinomas from these locations.

These included splicing factor 1 (SF1; median and IQR for GS=7: 4.6, 3.3-7.4; p=5.60E-03; q=0.04), uroplakin 3B-like (UPK3BL; median and IQR for GS=7: 7.4, 5.5-9.3; p=7.20E-03; q= 0.04), and RNA binding motif protein 6 (RBM6; median and IQR for GS=7: 10.3, 8.9-12.1; p=0.01; q=0.05). While replication is needed, these findings add to growing evidence that RNA expression differences in prostate tumors by race or ancestry may contribute to prostate tumor aggressiveness and prostate cancer disparities.