Targeting the HLA-G/ILT axis is a promising therapeutic strategy, with clinical trials underway using anti-HLA-G antibodies (e.g., TTX-080) and anti-LILRB1 antibodies (e.g., BND-22), often combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Additionally, HLA-G agonists or engineered cells are being explored for inducing tolerance in autoimmune diseases and transplantation.