P=N/A, N=60, Completed, Ataturk University

The screen revealed that loss of the redox-regulating enzyme Thioredoxin Reductase 3 (TXNRD3) sensitized TNBC cells to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib...Collectively, our findings identify TXNRD3 as a redox-dependent regulator of EGFR activity and drug response in TNBC and demonstrate that auranofin-mediated TXNRD3 inhibition can re-activate EGFR signaling, thereby sensitizing TNBC tumors to EGFR-targeted therapy. This study provides a mechanistic rationale for repurposing auranofin in combination with EGFR inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for EGFR-high TNBCs.

P2, N=48, Recruiting, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp.

The combined treatment was associated with downregulation of DNMT1, a reduced Bcl‑2/Bax ratio, and upregulation of HOXA9, p21, and E‑cadherin. These preclinical findings suggest that the combination of BS and DAC represents a mechanistically rationalized and promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer that warrants further evaluation in in vivo models and early‑phase clinical trials.

P1/2, N=15, Recruiting, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Shanghai Yuanxi Medical Technology Co., LTD

The TrxR/Trx inhibitor butaselen suppresses lung cancer by triggering ROS-induced apoptosis. This study provides a novel and effective regimen for treating lung cancer.

Furthermore, cells undergoing TrxR1 inhibition exhibited features of immunogenic cell death. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of targeting TrxR1 as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.

Furthermore, the FDA-approval drug auranofin, a TXNRD1 inhibitor, triggered oligomerization of the cytoskeletal protein Talin-1 in AGS cells, indicating that inhibiting TXNRD1 triggered disulfide stress. In conclusion, this study uncovered GlauA as an efficient inhibitor of TXNRD1 and demonstrated the potential of TXNRD1 inhibition as an effective anticancer strategy by disrupting redox homeostasis and inducing disulfide stress.

Especially, the meso-configuration, in which the two large sterically hindered active groups are positioned on opposite sides of the drug, exhibits the highest number of non-covalent interactions and most effective inhibition on TXNRD. Taken together, this work not only provides a novel approach for developing highly selective proteinase inhibitors, but also sheds light on possible underlying mechanisms for future application.

Moreover, CQ@MOS can efficiently deliver chloroquine into cancer cells and promote an enhanced sonodynamic effect for effective anti-tumor chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy. This study may enlighten us on a new anti-tumor strategy and suggest its promising applications in cancer treatments.

Moreover, TXNRD1 inhibition through auranofin cotreatment synergized with anti-PD-1 therapy to potentiate immunotherapy-mediated ferroptosis by mediating CD8+ T-cell infiltration and downregulating PD-L1 expression. Our findings indicate that targeting TXNRD1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for improving immunotherapy outcomes in patients with HNSCC.

In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that Jolkinolide B (JB), a natural diterpenoid and previously identified as a TrxR1 inhibitor, potentiated the antiproliferative efficacy of GPX4i (RSL3 and ML162) against cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells. Our results suggest that inhibiting TrxR1 can effectively improve GPX4 inhibition-based anticancer therapy. A combination of JB and GPX4i, which is well-tolerated and has several anticancer mechanisms, may serve as a promising therapy for treating bladder cancer.