TP63 (Tumor protein 63)

Serum CK5 and p63 had an excellent diagnostic efficiency for cervical cancer and correlated with disease progression, positioning them as promising non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and staging.

Whole exome sequencing demonstrated distinct, shared deletions and gains in both tumors, with the lacrimal sac SCC having more genetic mutations than the conjunctival tumor, suggesting that the lacrimal sac SCC evolved from the conjunctival SCC. The pathology and sequencing data show a shared genetic and histopathologic heritage between the conjunctival and lacrimal sac SCCs, suggesting the potential for conjunctival tumor cells to spread to the lacrimal sac in a non-contiguous manner.

Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are the best myoepithelioma diagnostic methods. Malignant myoepithelioma must be ruled out by thorough invasion testing.

A literature review revealed very few documented instances of SR in oral malignancies, often following diagnostic procedures, potentially due to biopsy-induced immune activation and alterations in the tumour microenvironment. This case underscores the enigmatic nature of SR in oral cancers and highlights the need for long-term surveillance, while raising important considerations about immune mechanisms and their potential therapeutic implications in head and neck oncology.

Paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy was commenced with dose modifications for hepatotoxicity, complicated by infusion reactions, mild neuropathy, and mucositis. This case underlines the extreme morphological and molecular heterogeneity of hepatic carcinosarcomas, the rapid progression despite surgery, and the limited systemic treatment options available for such rare tumours.

Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positivity for CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and insulinoma-associated protein 1; a Ki-67 index of about 20%; negativity for CD5, CD117 (c-KIT), p63 (TP63), CK5/6, and CD20; and the absence of TdT/CD99-positive immature T cells, supporting a diagnosis of thymic atypical carcinoid. This case highlights the complementary value of imprint cytology and an appropriate immunohistochemical panel, in addition to frozen sections, in avoiding misclassification of tNENs as type A thymoma.

The diagnosis required pathology and molecular testing. MAML2 rearrangement suggests a better prognosis; further research is needed to elucidate its pathogenesis and improve its treatment.

The patient required no additional therapy and remains under close follow-up. This case highlights an exceptionally rare presentation of pulmonary myoepithelioma with bilateral pleural involvement - a pattern that can closely mimic metastatic disease - emphasizing the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment in differentiating benign myoepithelial tumors from metastatic or aggressive pleural lesions.

It is crucial to distinguish an OFD and an adamantinoma from their various mimics, given treatment-associated implications. A long-term follow-up is suggested, as recurrences and metastases can occur late during the disease course.

The report highlights a case of pulmonary HCCC with negative PD-L1. The combination of tumor location, immunophenotypes and genetic alterations would be harnessed to differentiate HCCC from other tumors.

The patient underwent a right mastectomy, achieving a surgical clearance. After 3 months, he passed away with malignant pleural effusion due to lung metastasis.

It is the first pancreatic carcinoma type in which a basal molecular phenotype can be indicated clinically by both imaging and histopathology, with major potential management implications (as it is also enriched in actionable targets like ARID1A). Recognition of this category is critical for cancer research, as it offers an invaluable group to study plasticity, stroma versatility, necrosis mechanisms, and the basal type in pancreatic cancer.