Tongue Carcinoma

The tongue and the rs6742944 genotypes (GA + AA) exhibited higher rates of advanced clinical stages (p = 0.024) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.007) when compared to homozygous alleles (GG). LRP1B genetic polymorphisms appear to be prognostic and diagnostic markers for OSCC and DM, as well as contributing to genetic profiling research for personalized medicine.

Furthermore, it was demonstrated that knockdown of Egr-1 inhibited the promoter activity of DUSP1 and the site through which Egr-1 regulates DUSP1 transcription was identified. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Egr-1 regulates TSCC cell migration and invasion through modulating DUSP1, suggesting the potential of Egr-1 and DUSP1 as therapy targets for TSCC.

A greater tumor thickness was found in OTSCCs, which was correlated with lower expression of GATA3, suggesting that this protein is involved in the inhibition of proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacity.

SOX9 is a crucial gene in TSCC responsible for promoting the stemness function of cancer stem cells. Developing drugs that target SOX9 is extremely important in clinical settings.

The methylation of the SP1 gene in tumor DNA suppresses its expression, hinders HNSCC cell proliferation regulation, and could be a molecular indicator of malignant cell growth. The study of DNA methylation of various genes involved in carcinogenesis is promising because hypermethylated promoters can serve as potential biomarkers of disease.

Our study highlights the functional importance of the LncRNA RASAL2-AS1 in HNSCC and might assist in the development of a prognostic stratification and therapeutic approach. Which regulates HNSCC with the dependence of m6a manner.

Overexpressing RUVBL1 enhanced the viability, wound healing percentage, invasion, sphere formation, angiogenesis, and resistance to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells, and the opposite results were obtained by knocking down RUVBL1. In conclusion, RUVBL1 contributes to the malignant biological behavior of TSCC via activating the CRAF/MEK/ERK pathway. This provides molecular mechanisms and perspectives for targeted therapy of the CRAF/MEK/ERK pathway.

This study demonstrated the possibility of achieving efficient anti-tumor effects by simultaneously disturbing multiple factors involved in the modification of the tumor microenvironment.

Paeoniflorin inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of CAL27 cells, which may play an anti-cancer role by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway and EMT.

P=N/A, N=112, Recruiting, Rigshospitalet, Denmark | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2024 --> Sep 2024

Overexpression of CD9 due to hypoxic conditions leads to the activation of EGFR-signaling pathway resulting in cancer progression, resistance to chemotherapy. Hence, CD9 could be a potential target to suppress cancer progression.

These findings provide pre-clinical evidence that IAP inhibition may be a valuable therapeutic option in OSCC.

PAB suppresses human TSCC in vitro by regulating Twist/E-cadherin through the EGFR signaling pathway. PAB may have potential as a candidate antimetastatic drug for TSCC treatment.

Further, it also revealed a highly significant decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression, whereas pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax revealed a highly significant increase, which is statistically significant compared to the control (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that the AuNPs synthesized from A. muricata leaf extract could act as a novel anticancer agent, particularly against SCC, after further scrutiny.

P3, N=403, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI)

TIO derived from the tongue tumor is very rare, and also subsequent tertiary hyperparathyroidism is even rarer. This report helps to improve the understanding of TIO and provides reference in the diagnosis and treatment of TIO.

Thus, we propose that the 13 gene-panel could pave the way to effective and personalized clinical-management of OSCC in terms of diagnostic and prognostic measures and thereby as therapeutic targets.

There were no significant differences observed between TRH and FHIT and p16 and MGMT based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The methylation statuses of genes TRH, RASSF1A, p16, and MGMT might become utilized as predictive biomarkers for clinical application in early diagnosis of OTSCC and noninvasive oral cancer screening.

Our research suggested the inhibition effect of API on TSCC cells and provided a novel prognostic model combined with therapeutic factors that can guide the prognosis of TSCC and clinical decision-making in TSCC.

P1/2, N=39, Recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | N=23 --> 39

The anti-cancer agents, mitomycin C, cisplatin, and staurosporine, lacked the characteristics as that of nanaomycin K for these four treatment conditions. Furthermore, hydroxychavicol exhibited same activity against SAS cells (human squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue). Thus, we have successfully established a screening method for growth inhibitors of EMT-induced cells and have discovered an inhibitor from plant-based sources.

We observed no weight loss, severe hematological toxicity or NK cell-mediated death in the BNDG mice. The MUC1-targeted CAR-NK cells had significant efficacy against human OTSCC, and their promising therapeutic response warrants further clinical trials.

P=N/A, N=130, Completed, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Moreover, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling contributed to CCL2-mediated phenotypes in TSCC cells. Implications: our data revealed a tumor-promoting role for SCUBE3 in TSCC via the CEBPA/ CCL2/STAT3 axis, which provided new insight into novel potential therapeutic target for TSCC.

This process involves the cooperative action of acetylated histone and NF-κB recruitment to the CCL2 promoter site. Our data suggest that BRG1 serves as a critical epigenetic mediator in the regulation of TNF-α-induced CCL2 transcription in OTSCC cells.

In addition, the knockdown of SEMA3C suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells in vitro. This study is the first to report the involvement of SEMA3C in TSCC, suggesting that upregulated SEMA3C could be a novel and critical potential biomarker for future predictive diagnostics, prevention, prognostic assessment, and personalized medical services in TSCC.

This study suggests that in the context of Tongue squamous cell carcinoma, HHLA2 may represent a more promising target for immunotherapy when compared with PD-L1.

The upregulation of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1, which increases TSCC cell viability, migration, proliferation and invasion via the AFAP1-AS1/miR-133a-5p/ZIC2 axis, aids in the progression of TSCC.

P1, N=48, Active, not recruiting, University of Chicago | Trial completion date: Nov 2023 --> Nov 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2023 --> Nov 2027

Moreover, stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KIT ligand, KITL) induced ERK activation in ACC cells. These results suggest that inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may promote C-kit-ERK signaling and cell proliferation of in metastatic ACC.

Differences in p-MET expression in OTSCCs can be noninvasively reflected in MRI-based texture features and clinical parameters. Machine learning can potentially predict biomarker expression levels, such as MET, in patients with OTSCC.

Collectively, this study suggests negative prognostic behaviour for TC-PD-L1 protein and introduces the PD-1/TC-PD-L1 scoring system as a strong prognostic marker in OS and DFS prediction of tongue and larynx HNSCC patients.

IL-34 is lowly expressed in TSCC and participates in the occurrence and progression of TSCC, and can be potentially used as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for TSCC.

In addition, NKAIN2+ epithelial cells and FN1+ epithelial cells specifically exhibited an upregulation of PTN, NRG, MIF, and SPP1 signaling pathways in the metastatic OTSCC. In doing so, we put forth some potential biomarkers that could be utilized for the purpose of diagnosing and prognosticating OTSCC during its metastatic phase and tried to confirm by immunofluorescence assays.

Both high expressions of ADAM10 and APP were related to poor prognosis. Targeting APP cleaved by ADAM10 might be a potential strategy in TSCC treatment.

The findings suggested that naringenin may represent a promising candidate for the treatment of oral cancer by inducing apoptotic cell death via modulation of the Bid and Bcl-xl signaling pathways.

Thus, PDGF-BB is associated with lactate-induced CAF formation and glucose metabolism reprogramming. These findings indicate potential therapeutic targets in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for GLI1 translocation was positive, with a high level of amplification of the translocated segment. Literature review: We present a comprehensive literature review of this condition, focusing on its clinical presentation, histological features, immunohistochemical profile, molecular characteristics, and prognosis.

P1/2, N=23, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.

The knockdown of DDX5 promotes, while the overexpression of DDX5 inhibits, tongue cancer proliferation, development, and cisplatin resistance...Specifically, the expression of DDX5 is associated with the reduced infiltration of M2 macrophages and increased infiltration of T cell clusters, which may contribute to anticancer effects in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we establish DDX5 as a valuable prognostic biomarker and an important tumor suppressor in tongue cancer.

Experimental and bioinformatic data confirmed the relation between Wnt signaling and glycolytic enzymes in tongue cancer cells and HNSCC clinical samples. Overall, the inhibition of glucose metabolism by Wnt signaling inhibitors is a promising mode of action against tongue cancer cells.