TNFSF11 (TNF Superfamily Member 11)

Osteoporosis is common in postmenopausal women due to reduced estrogen levels and leads to weaker bones. Alendronate is widely prescribed to lower fracture risk, but it may interfere with bone healing after dental procedures such as tooth extraction. Using a rat model that mimics postmenopausal bone loss, this study examined how estrogen deficiency, alendronate treatment, and estrogen replacement together influence healing of the tooth socket, a process highly relevant to periodontal and oral surgical care. The results showed that estrogen deficiency alone already compromised bone repair, and this effect became more pronounced when alendronate was used. Estrogen replacement with estradiol valerate did not fully restore normal healing, but it reduced several harmful changes in bone structure and local inflammatory activity associated with alendronate. Importantly, no bone necrosis was observed under the conditions studied, although persistent disturbances in bone remodeling were evident. These findings help clarify how systemic bone conditions and osteoporosis treatments can influence periodontal wound healing and support more informed risk assessment and interdisciplinary planning when dental extractions are required in patients with osteoporosis.

Acupotomy can reduce inflammation, inhibit bone destruction in RA rats, which may be related to its function in regulating the OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway, further inhibiting OC differentiation.

In a retrospective human cohort, high RANKL⁺ lymphocyte infiltration in primary tumors correlated with bone metastases, whereas OPG⁺ infiltration predominated in bone metastasis-free cases. These findings uncover a B cell-driven axis that restrains osteolysis and tumor progression.

The tumor promoting effect of benzophenone-3 in mice fed adult high-fat diet plausibly results from reduced Tc activity and increased RANKL expression interacting with high-fat diet increased expression of mammary growth factors and M2 macrophage polarization. Dietary fat and benzophenone-3 have immunomodulatory consequences that may interact in affecting mammary tumorigenesis in either a protective or promotional fashion.

A deeper understanding of the interactions among damage-associated molecular patterns, immune cell activation, and signaling pathways-such as NF-κB and mTOR-offers new therapeutic targets. Ultimately, OA management may evolve toward a precision medicine approach that integrates immune modulation with regenerative strategies to restore joint homeostasis.

Downregulation of the RANK signalling predicts survival benefits in patients with primary breast cancer. Further investigation is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of inhibiting RANK signalling in breast cancer.

Additionally, it uncovered promising drug candidates-etoposide, mevastatin, oxfendazole, HDAC inhibitors, and TIGIT blockade-as well as immunotherapies like PD-1 inhibition and adoptive CD8+ T cell therapy...While technical challenges remain, it paves the way for more personalized and effective treatment strategies. However, the current findings are subject to limitations, including technical biases in single-cell protocols and the exclusion of non-English literature, which may affect generalizability.

Changes in BMPs indicative of impaired bone physiology were associated with BMI in both controls and PCOS, but did not differ between women with and without PCOS when BMI was matched. Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS did not affect BMP levels.

Hey2 can bind to the downstream target gene NFATc1 at-400 to -200 bp region of the promoter. As a transcriptional repressor, Hey2 inhibits osteoclast differentiation.

PBE limits inflammatory osteoclastogenesis by downregulating PGE2 and RANKL production in osteoclast-supporting cells and directly inhibiting osteoclast precursor differentiation, thereby attenuating LPS-induced bone loss. These findings identify PBE as a food-derived candidate for managing inflammation-associated bone loss and support further preclinical and nutritional intervention studies.

Similarly, OPG and RANKL levels, as well as the OPG/RANKL ratio, did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, the combined use of Emdogain, PRF, and bone graft appears to have beneficial effects on enhancing bone formation in calvarial defects.

This review compiles current evidence on the biology of BMAs, their tumor-promoting interactions, and potential therapeutic strategies, while also highlighting unresolved questions about BMA heterogeneity, lipid flux, and immunometabolic crosstalk. By revealing how bone marrow adipocytes actively shape the metastatic niche through metabolic, endocrine, and immunological pathways, this review highlights their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving the management of bone metastases.