TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden)

Furthermore, therapeutic vulnerabilities were explored by integrating drug sensitivity prediction, AI-assisted cMAP screening, and molecular docking validation, which identified Epothilone B as a promising agent targeting HBEGF. Overall, this research shows that understanding the heterogeneity of CAFs with AI-enabled multi-omics modeling can reveal prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for overcoming resistance, with the ultimate goal of improving precision oncology for HNSCC.

Pattern-driven genomic features, including mutational signatures2, homologous recombination deficiency3, tumour mutational burden and tumour heterogeneity scores4, were associated with clinical outcomes, highlighting their potential utility as predictive biomarkers for clinical evaluation of treatments such as CDK4/6 and HER2 inhibitors, as well as adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These findings highlight the power of large-scale, clinically annotated whole-genome sequencing in advancing our understanding of how genomic alterations shape patient outcomes.

Building on this foundation, the potential clinical value of immune checkpoint inhibitors (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab) in treating advanced cSCC is summarized based on data from relevant clinical trials. This review is distinguished from general tumor immunotherapy reviews by offering dedicated references for cSCC precision immunotherapy. In addition, priority is emphasized for future investigations into combination therapy regimens and the development of personalized tumor vaccines.

Additionally, the PRG risk score model exhibited significant associations with sensitivity to multiple drugs. This novel PANoptosis-based model addresses the knowledge gap by providing enhanced prognostic accuracy and clinical utility for personalized ccRCC management, potentially guiding targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies.

The absence of a relationship between HRR alterations and TMB suggests distinct biological mechanisms. Liquid biopsy remains a reliable option when tissues are unavailable in managing patients with HCC.

In particular, genes such as DPM1, BAD, and FKBP4 emerged as important pan-cancer biomarkers, with DPM1 consistently significant across tasks. This study presents a robust approach for feature selection in cancer genomics by integrating scRNA-seq data and advanced analysis techniques, offering a promising avenue for improving predictive accuracy in cancer research.

We showcase their groundbreaking applications as core development platforms for next-generation immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapy and the validation of personalized neoantigen-based vaccines. While acknowledging the significant translational challenges that remain, we conclude that immune-competent PDTOs represent an indispensable tool poised to accelerate the new era of precision immuno-oncology.

Importantly, knockdown of IGF2BP1 along with anti-GD2 immunotherapy induced a synergistic immunogenic effect and achieved a potent antitumor response in an HR-NB mouse model, with increased accumulation of effector CD8+ T cells and CD86+  macrophages but decreased MDSC numbers in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, disrupting NB cancer cell IGF2BP1-mediated immunosuppression is a potential approach for improving the efficacy of anti-GD2 immunotherapy towards HR-NBs.

ECT2 is identified as a potential pan-cancer prognostic biomarker with dual roles in tumor initiation and progression, as well as in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Our findings suggest that ECT2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy, warranting further investigation into its immune-regulatory and oncogenic functions.

Considering the prognostic implications of DLAT in tumors and its correlations with immune indicators, it is plausible to regard DLAT as both a prognosis feature for certain malignancies and an evaluative metric for immunotherapy efficacy. The findings suggest that DLAT could be a potential therapeutic target and serve as a biomarker for predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment strategies in various cancers, with its prognostic and immunological implications likely to be context-dependent across different tumor types.

This case highlights that a definitive distinction between WDPMT and malignant mesothelioma is paramount, as it dictates a radically different management strategy. Integration of immunohistochemistry (particularly BAP1) and molecular profiling is essential for accurate diagnosis and can prevent overtreatment. For appropriately selected patients with WDPMT, conservative management with active surveillance represents a safe and effective approach, underscoring the value of precision medicine in guiding patient-centric care.

These findings contribute to the literature suggesting that, rarely, GPV in aoCPG may contribute to cancer diagnoses in children, raising the question of how tumors in these cases may present differently in children than adults. Increased knowledge about potential childhood cancer risks related to what have historically been considered aoCPG could modify predictive genetic testing recommendations for children and enhance existing cancer screening protocols.