P1, N=50, Recruiting, Finn, Olivera, PhD | Trial completion date: Aug 2028 --> Mar 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Aug 2026

The vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic. Optimization of vaccines that include agonistic CD40 antibody is needed to enhance immunogenicity. Induction of a multifunctional CD4+ T cell response to mBRAF supports targeting shared mutated neoantigens with melanoma vaccines.

Vaccine-induced Abs may respond to multiple epitopes within the same peptide, warranting further studies into their ability to facilitate antigen uptake and presentation through the formation of large immune complexes. The findings also show that adding polyICLC to IFA can significantly enhance Ab responses. Collectively, this work underscores the immunologic potential of peptide-induced Abs and the importance of adjuvant selection in cancer vaccine design.

P1, N=14, Active, not recruiting, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> Jan 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027

P1, N=6, Active, not recruiting, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=60, Active, not recruiting, Highlight Therapeutics | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1, N=32, Recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine | N=16 --> 32

P1/2, N=4, Terminated, Roswell Park Cancer Institute | N=64 --> 4 | Suspended --> Terminated; Low accrual

P1, N=14, Active, not recruiting, University of Southern California | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> Jan 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027

However, the unique challenges of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the detrimental effect of necessary corticosteroids remain paramount barriers. Future success relies on multi-modal combination strategies, the development of next-generation personalized neoantigen vaccines, and the application of advanced neuroimaging to accurately assess treatment response.

P1, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine

The findings also show that adding polyICLC to IFA can significantly enhance Ab responses. Collectively, this work underscores the immunologic potential of peptide-induced Abs and the importance of adjuvant selection in cancer vaccine design.